Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- From: "Jason P" <jaspetr@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 15 Jan 2009 02:57:02 -0800
Though pretty arcane and written in a strange style, the following essays
are about a forgotten form of electric driven, magnetic motor. I wonder, if
resurrected, could it become viable, or even the wave of the future. ...Just
a curiosity now, but still I know someone who swears by this technology and
wants to buy up old patents and apply for new patents.
--
Jason P
--
The Forgotten Art of Electric - Powered Automobiles
by Arthur Abrom
Electric powered automobiles were one of the earliest considerations and
this mode of propulsion enjoyed a brief but short reign. The development of
electricity as a workable source of power for mankind has been studded with
great controversy.
Thomas A. Edison was the first to start to market systems (i.e. electric
generators) of any commercial value. His research and developmental skills
were utilized to market a "direct current" system of electricity. Ships were
equipped with D.C. systems and municipalities began lighting their streets
with this revolutionary D.C. electric system. (At that time) Edison was the
sole source of electricity!
While in the process of commercializing electricity, Thomas Edison hired men
who knew of the new scientific gift to the world and were capable of new
applications for electricity. One such man was a foreigner named Nikola
Tesla. This man, although not known to many of us today, was without a doubt
the greatest scientific mind that has ever lived. His accomplishments
dwarfed even Thomas Edison's! Whereas Mr. Edison was a great experimenter,
Mr. Tesla was a great theoretician. Nikola Tesla became frustrated and very
much annoyed at the procedures Edison followed.
Tesla would rather calculate the possibility of something working (i.e.
mathematical investigation) than the hit and miss technique of constant
experimentation. So in the heat of an argument, he quit one day and stormed
out of Edison's laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey.
Working on his own, Tesla conceived and built the first working alternating
current generator. He, and he alone, is responsible for all of the
advantages we enjoy today because of A.C. electric power.
Angered by Edison, Tesla sold his new patents to George Westinghouse for 15
million dollars in the very early 1900's. Tesla became totally independent
and proceeded to carry on his investigative research in his laboratory on
5th Avenue in New York City.
George Westinghouse began to market this new system of electric generators
and was in competition with Edison. Westinghouse prevailed because of the
greater superiority of the A.C. generators over the less efficient D.C.
power supplies of Thomas Edison. Today, A.C. power is the only source of
electricity the world uses. And, please remember, Nikola Tesla is the man
who developed it.
Now specifically dealing with automobiles in the infant days of their
development, electric propulsion was considered and used. An electric
powered automobile possessed many advantages that the noisy, cantankerous,
smoke-belching gasoline cars could not offer.
First and foremost is the absolute silence one experiences when riding in an
electrically powered vehicle. There is not even a hint of noise. One simply
turns a key and steps on the accelerator - the vehicle moves instantly! No
cranking from the start, no crank to turn (this was before electric
starters), no pumping of the accelerator, no spark control to advance and no
throttle linkage to pre-set before starting. One simply turned the ignition
switch to on!
Second, is a sense of power. If one wants to increase speed, you simply
depress the accelerator further - there is never any hesitation. Releasing
the accelerator causes the vehicle to slow down immediately - you are always
in complete control. It is not difficult to understand why these vehicles
were so very popular around the turn of the century and until 1912 or so.
The big disadvantage to these cars was their range and need for re-charging
every single night. All of these electric vehicles used a series of
batteries and a D.C. motor to move itself about. The batteries require
recharging every night and the range of travel was restricted to about 100
miles. Understand that this restriction was not a serious one in the early
part of this century. Doctors began making house calls with electric cars
(do you remember doctors making house calls?) because he no longer needed to
tend to the horse at night time - just plug the car into an electric socket!
No feeding, no rub-down and no mess to clean up!
Many of the large department stores in metropolitan areas began purchasing
delivery trucks that were electrically powered. They were silent and emitted
no pollutants. And, maintenance was a minimum on electrically powered
vehicles. There were few mechanics and garages in operation in the early
1900's. So city life and travel appeared to be willing to embrace the
electric automobile. Remember, these masterfully built vehicles all ran on
D.C. current.
Two things happened to dampen the popularity of the electric automobile. One
was the subconscious craving for speed that gripped all auto enthusisasts of
this era. Each manufacturer was eager to show how far his car could travel
(i.e. the transcontinental races) and what was its top speed!
Col. Vanderbilt constructed the first all concrete race track in Long Island
and racing became the passion for the well-to-do. Newspapers constantly
record new records of speed achieved by so-in-so. And, of course, the
automobile manufacturers were quick to capitalize on the advertising effect
of these new peaks of speed. Both of these events made the electrically
powered vehicles appear to only belong to the "little old lady" down the
street or the old retired gentleman who talked about the "good old days".
Electric vehicles could not reach speeds of 45 or 50 m.p.h. for this would
have destroyed the batteries in moments. Bursts of speeds of 25 to 35 m.p.h.
could be maintained for a moment or so. Normal driving speed-depending upon
traffic conditions, was 15 to 20 m.p.h. by 1900 to 1910 standards, this was
an acceptable speed limit to obtain from your electric vehicle.
Please note that none of the manufacturers of electric cars ever installed a
D.C. generator. This would have put a small charge back into the batteries
as the car moved about and would have thereby increased its operating range.
This was considered by some to be approaching perpetual motion - and that,
of course, was utterly impossible! Actually, D.C. generators would have
worked and helped the electric car cause.
As mentioned earlier, Mr. Westinghouse's A.C. current generating equipment
was being sold and installed about the country. The earlier D.C. equipment
was being retired and disregarded. As a side note, Consolidated Edison Power
Company of New York City still has one of Thomas Edison's D.C. generators
installed in its 14th St. powerhouse - it still works! About this time,
another giant corporation was formed and entered the A.C. generating
equipment field - General Electric. This spelled the absolute end for
Edison's D.C. power supply systems as a commercial means of generating and
distributing electric power.
The electric automobile could not be adapted to accomodate and utilize a
polyphase motor (i.e. A.C. power). Since they used batteries as a source of
power, their extinction was sealed. No battery can put out an A.C. signal.
True, a converter could be utilized (i.e. convert the D.C. signal from the
battery to an A.C. signal), but the size of the equipment at this time was
too large to fit in an automobile - even one with the generous dimensions of
this era.
So, somewhere around 1915 or so, the electric automobile became a memory.
True, United Parcel Service still utilizes several electric trucks in New
York City today but the bulk of their fleet of vehicles utilizes gasoline or
diesel fuel. For all intensive purposes, the electrically powered automobile
is dead - they are considered dinosaurs of the past.
But, let us stop a moment and consider the advantages of utilizing electric
power as a means of propelling vehicles. Maintenance is absolutely minimal
for the only oil required is for the two bearings in the motor and the
necessary grease fittings. There is no oil to change, no radiator to clean
and fill, no transmission to foul up, no fuel pump, no water pump, no
carburetion problems, no muffler to rot out or replace and no pollutants
emitted into the atmosphere. It appears as though it might be the answer we
have been searching for!
Therefore, the two problems facing us become top speed and range of
driving - providing, of course, the A.C. and D.C. problems could be worked
out. With today's technology this does not seem to be insurmountable. In
fact, the entire problem has already been solved - in the past, the distant
past and the not so distant! Stop! Re-read the last sentence again. Ponder
it for a few moments before going on.
Several times earlier in this article, I mentioned the man, Nikola Tesla and
stated that he was the greatest mind that ever lived. The U.S. Patent Office
has 1,200 patents registered in the name of Nikola Tesla and it is estimated
that he could have patented an additional 1,000 or so from memory!
But, back to our electric automobiles - in 1931, under the financing of
Pierce-Arrow and George Westinghouse, a 1931 Pierce-Arrow was selected to be
tested at the factory grounds in Buffalo, N.Y. The standard internal
combustion engine was removed and an 80-H.P. 1800 r.p.m electric motor
installed to the clutch and transmission. The A.C. motor measured 40 inches
long and 30 inches in diameter and the power leads were left standing in the
air - no external power source!
At the appointed time, Nikola Tesla arrived from New York City and inspected
the Pierce-Arrow automobile. He then went to a local radio store and
purchased a handful of tubes (12), wires and assorted resistors. A box
measuring 24 inches long, 12 inches wide and 6 inches high was assembled
housing the circuit. The box was placed on the front seat and had its wires
connected to the air-cooled, brushless motor. Two rods 1/4" in diameter
stuck out of the box about 3" in length.
Mr. Tesla got into the driver's seat, pushed the two rods in and stated, "We
now have power". He put the car into gear and it moved forward! This
vehicle, powered by an A.C. motor, was driven to speeds of 90 m.p.h. and
performed better than any internal combustion engine of its day! One week
was spent testing the vehicle. Several newspapers in Buffalo reported this
test. When asked where the power came from, Tesla replied, "From the ethers
all around us". Several people suggested that Tesla was mad and somehow in
league with sinister forces of the universe. He became incensed, removed his
mysterious box from the vehicle and returned to his laboratory in New York
City. His secret died with him!
It is speculated that Nikola Tesla was able to somehow harness the earth's
magnetic field that encompasses our planet. And, he somehow was able to draw
tremendous amounts of power by cutting these lines of force or causing them
to be multiplied together. The exact nature of his device remains a mystery
but it did actually function by powering the 80 h.p. A.C. motor in the
Pierce-Arrow at speeds up to 90 m.p.h. and no recharging was ever necessary!
In 1969, Joseph R. Zubris took his 1961 Mercury and pulled out the Detroit
internal combustion engine. He then installed an electric motor as a source
of power. His unique wiring system cuts the energy drain at starting to 75%
of normal and doubles the electrical efficiency of the electric motor when
it is operating! The U.S. Patent Office issued him a patent No. 3,809,978.
Although he approached many concerns for marketing, no one really seemed to
be interested. And, his unique system is still not on the market.
In the 1970's, an inventor used an Ev-Gray generator, which intensified
battery current, the voltage being induced to the field coils by a simple
programmer (sequencer). By allowing the motor to charge separate batteries
as the device ran, phenomenally tiny currents were needed. The device was
tested at the Crosby Research Institute of Beverly Hills, Ca., a
10-horepower EMA motor ran for over a week (9 days) on four standard
automobile batteries.
The inventors estimated that a 50-horsepower electric motor could traverse
300 miles at 50 m.p.h. before needing a re-charge. Dr. Keith E. Kenyon, the
inventor of Van Nuys, California discovered a discrepancy in the normal and
long accepted laws relating to electric motor magnets. Dr. Kenyon
demonstrated his invention for many scientists and engineers in 1976 but
their reaction was astounding. Although admitting Dr. Kenyon's device
worked, they saw little or no practical application for it!
So the ultimate source for our electrically powered automobile would be to
have an electric motor that required no outside source of power. Sounds
impossible because it violates all scientific thought! But it has been
invented and H.R. Johnson has been issued a patent No. 4,151,431 on April
24, 1979 on such a device!
This new design although originally suggested by Nikola Tesla in 1905, is a
permanent magnet motor. Mr. Johnson has arranged a series of permanent
magnets on the rotor and a corresponding series - with different spacing -
on the stator. One simply has to move the stator into position and rotation
of the rotor begins immediately.
Howard Johnson Permanent Magnet Motor
His patent states,
"The invention is directed to the method of utilizing the unpaired
electron spins in ferro magnetic and other materials as a source of magnetic
fields for producing power without any electron flow as occurs in normal
conductors and to permanent magnet motors for utilization of this method to
produce a power source.
In the practice of this invention, the unpaired electron spins occurring
within permanent magnets are utilized to produce a motive power source
solely through the super-conducting characteristics of a permanent magnet
and the magnetic flux created by the magnets are controlled and concentrated
to orient the magnetic forces generated in such a manner to do useful
continuous work such as the displacement of a rotor with respect to a
stator.
The timing and orientation of magnetic forces at the rotor and stator
components produced by permanent magnets to produce a motor is accomplished
with the proper geometrical relationship of these components".
Now before you dismiss the idea of a magnetically run motor - a free energy
source, consider the following :
Engineers of Hitachi Magnetics Corp. of California have stated that a
motor run solely by magnets is feasible and logical but the politics of the
matter make it impossible for them to pursue developing a magnet motor or
any device that would compete with the energy cartels.
In a book entitled, "Keely and His Discoveries" by Clara B. Moore published
in 1893, we find the following statemtents,
"The magnet that lifts a pound today if the load is gradually increased
day by day will lift double that amount in time. Whence comes this energy?
Keely teaches that it comes from sympathetic association with one of the
currents of the polar stream and that its energy increases as long as the
sympathetic flow lasts, which is through eternity".
Now consider some basic observations concerning magnets:
a.. 1) Two permanent magnets can either attract or repel depending on the
arrangement of the magnetic poles.
b.. 2) Two magnets repel further than they attract because of friction and
inertia forces.
c.. 3) Most of our energy comes directly or indirectly from
electromagnetic energy of the sun, e.g. photosynthesis and watercycle of
ocean to water vapor to rain or snow to ocean.
d.. 4) Magnetic energy "travels" between poles at the speed of light.
e.. 5) Permanent magnets on both sides of an iron shield are attracted to
the shield and only weakly to each other at close proximity to the shield.
f.. 6) Permanent magnets are ferrous metals and are attractive only.
Attraction is an inverse square force.
g.. 7) Magnetic energy can be shielded.
h.. 8) The sliding or perpendicular force of a keeper is much less than
the force in the direction of the field to remove the keeper.
i.. 9) Most of the magnetic energy is concentrated at the poles of the
magnet.
j.. 10) A permanent magnet loses little strength unless dropped or heated.
Heating misaligns the magnetic elements within the magnet.
k.. 11) If a weight lifted by a permanet magnet is slowly increased, the
lifting power of the magnet can be increased until all the magnetic domains
in the magnet are aligned in the same direction. This becomes the limit.
l.. 12) Using magnets to repel tends to weaken them as it causes more
misalignment of the domains.
m.. 13) A magnetic material placed between two magnets will always be
attracted to the stronger magnet.
So, our ultimate motor becomes a permanent magnet motor of proper size with
speed being controlled through the automobiles transmission. And, here is
the biggest plus, permanent magnets keep their strength for a minimum of 95
years! So here we have a fuel-less automobile that would last us our
lifetime.
There is only one drawback to an automobile powered by a permanent magnet
motor - if the vehicle gets involved in an accident, the shock of the crash
could jar the magnets and cause them to lose power! But this seems to be a
small price to pay for an automobile that could run all day at 60 m.p.h. -
use no fuel - and never need a recharge!
Now the only question left to be answered is, "Where do you buy one?" or
perhaps, "When will we be able to buy one?" At present there are several
companies offering interim solutions. Some offer electric powered designs -
but this is strictly batteries, while others offer a hybrid combination of
batteries and small gasoline engines. All of these so-called "modern
alternatives" suffer from the same lack of accessories we've become
accustomed to.
They do not, or cannot offer power steering, brakes or windows or air-
conditioning, etc. Since they are small aerodynamically shaped packages
holding only two people, their appeal is distinctly limited.
When someone constructs an automobile run by a permanent magnet motor
attached to the differential thus eliminating the transmission, the world
will beat a path to his door - providing the energy cartel doesn't find him
first!
In Richardson, Texas last year, two men - George Thiess and Jack Hooker have
advanced the storage battery to a new level. Their new batteries will
operate on magnesium made from seawater.
--
Jason P
"It ain't over 'til it's over."
-Yogi Berra (as NY Yankees manager)
.
- Follow-Ups:
- Re: Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- From: Svenne
- Re: Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- From: True Blue
- Re: Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- Prev by Date: Re: How to lose a million votes in one day........
- Next by Date: Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- Previous by thread: Illegal data mining by New Liebour
- Next by thread: Re: Tesla's forgotten electric magnetic motor
- Index(es):
Relevant Pages
|
Loading
