Re: Happy Birthday Jp

I'm curious to know if Norse visitors would have used English slaves
for the labour? The English would know how to build in stone.

"English" didn't have much meaning in those times.

The Scandinavians did have slaves.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thralls)
But I think in Cumberland the Norse-Irish (possibly already partly
Christian) arrived peacefully and settled on lands that were
unoccupied. It seems they coexisted with the British in the hills and
the Anglians on the lower arable lands.

I had the idea from reading 'The Princes of Ireland' by Rutherford. They
certainly had English slaves in Ireland and they had a fair Norse
population. "English" may not be the right term but it conveys the idea
of peoples from the island of England as opposed to Irelend.

The advantage of wood was that it was easily obtained while clearing
ground and easy to use. The Vikings were good with wood - think of
their ships and some of the old houses still to be seen in Norway. It
seems they didn't take refuge in stone buildings when attacked but took
off with possessions and stock into the woods. On their return it was
relatively easy to rebuild burnt down wooden houses. This seems to me
to be a very important factor in their continuing occupation of the
area. It would need a very determined enemy prepared to invest the area
for little advantage to subdue them. In my view they were still there
in the 1600s when they were fighting the Lords of the Manors and King
James I through the courts about the ownership of their land. But I'm
no expert and will be happy to be corrected.

You won't be corrected by me. I know nothing. I'm just speculating.

It was about 1878 when Workington started extracting water from
Crummock
Water but I rather think further works were built around 1900.

Edgar

We're getting this TV series about 'buildings that shaped Britain' or
something like that. One program talked about the switch from traditional
stepped farming over to the more industrial and efficient system there
still is today (of larger fields defined by hedgerows or walls rather
than long thin strips each family would have the right to farm or
'steps'). This transformation in England happened in the 1800's, I
believe they said, and over a fairly short period of time. So I was
guessing it might be around this same time the mini-dam would have been
constructed.

Johnny-guess-a-lot
.

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