Re: differences between chimps and humans
- From: rokimoto@xxxxxxx
- Date: Fri, 17 Apr 2009 04:57:45 -0700 (PDT)
On Apr 16, 8:05 pm, "rnor...@xxxxxxxxx" <rnor...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
On Apr 16, 5:42 pm, wf3h <w...@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
interesting article in the latest "Sci Am" on the evolution of chimps
compared to humans.
-humans share 99% of our DNA with chimps
-of 3B base pairs, about 15M differ between humans and chimps in 6M
years of divergent evolution
-one of the greatest differences occurred in the "HAR1" sequence
-this sequence of base pairs shows 118 differences between chimps and
humans
-chimps and chickens show only 2 base pair differences in 300M years
since a split between their common ancester
-the HAR1 sequence codes for the folding of the neocortex, thus
confirming that a VERY small difference in genome can have a HUGE
effect on species differences
-evolution predicts that sequences having the greatest effect on
species differences should show the fastest evolution
-this prediction was confirmed by sequencing the genome
creationism of course, has no way to account for HOW this happened.
evolution does. that's why evolution is a science and creationism
isn't.
I don't have my copy of that issue yet, so I can't see what the
original says. However I don't understand your logic.
You say "sequences having the greatest effect on species difference
should show the fastest evolution." You also report that HAR1 differs
greatly between chimps and humans but hardly at all between chimps and
chickens. So is HAR1 a sequence that has a great effect on species
difference? If so, why did it evolve rapidly between chimps and
humans but hardly at all between chimps and chickens? Either it has a
great effect on species difference or it doesn't. Or else something
else is at work.
Exactly what is the prediction of evolution that you want to show is
being demonstrated here?-
A recent pub.
http://rnajournal.cshlp.org/content/14/7/1270.full.pdf+html
Sort of old news.
Science. 2006 Nov 3;314(5800):786. Links
Accelerated evolution of conserved noncoding sequences in
humans.Prabhakar S, Noonan JP, Pääbo S, Rubin EM.
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek,
CA 94598, USA.
Changes in gene regulation likely influenced the profound phenotypic
divergence of humans from other mammals, but the extent of adaptive
substitution in human regulatory sequences remains unknown. We
identified 992 conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) with a significant
excess of human-specific substitutions. These accelerated elements
were disproportionately found near genes involved in neuronal cell
adhesion. To assess the uniqueness of human noncoding evolution, we
examined CNSs accelerated in chimpanzee and mouse. Although we
observed a similar enrichment near neuronal adhesion genes in
chimpanzee, the accelerated CNSs themselves exhibited almost no
overlap with those in human, suggesting independent evolution toward
different neuronal phenotypes in each species. CNSs accelerated in
mouse showed no bias toward neuronal cell adhesion. Our results
indicate that widespread cis-regulatory changes in human evolution may
have contributed to uniquely human features of brain development and
function.
Ron Okimoto
.
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- From: wf3h
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- From: rnorman@xxxxxxxxx
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