Sandcstles Do Not Arise Spontaneously: A Thermodynamics-Based Refutation of Evolution

Thermodynamics originated from studies of the
Carnot cycle (ideal heat engine), but it has
turned out to be a general principle encompassing
all of *known* (coarse matter) universe, not only
concerning the heat engine and the refrigerator,
which is a heat engine run backwards.

Specifically, the second law of thermodynamics
has never been proven to be incorrect in human
empiricism. This is not an example of a
mathematical proof, but a perfect example
of induction. The Sun or any other star in
Nature is also a part of "the unaided action
of natural processes" that Professor Clerk Maxwell
eloquently wrote about. We now call them
*spontaneous* processes. Note the way he states
the Second Law in very general terms,
not specifically about the heat engine:

"Admitting heat to be a form of energy, the
second law asserts that it is impossible,
by the unaided action of natural processes,
to transform any part of the heat of a body
into mechanical work, except by allowing heat
to pass from that body into another at a
lower temperature. Clausius, who first stated
the principle of Carnot in a manner consistent
with the true theory of heat, expresses this
law as follows: - It is impossible for a
self-acting machine, unaided by any external
agency, to convey heat from one body to another
at a higher temperature. Thomson gives it a
slightly different form: - It is impossible,
by means of inanimate material agency, to derive
mechanical effect from any portion of matter by
cooling it below the temperature of the coldest
of the surrounding objects."
- James Clerk Maxwell ("Theory of Heat", 1871)

To transform any part of the heat of the
constituent matter into moving itself
(mechanical work) in such a fashion as for
that matter to be organized into the planet Earth
is impossible, according to the second law, since
heat energy flows from the Sun (through radiation),
being at a greater temperature, to the constituent
matter of Earth and not the other way around.

Put simply, sandcastles do not arise *spontaneously*.

Something or some entity has to input the mechanical
work to raise it up. It will never come into
existence just because the Sun radiates (or from any
other thermal energy source) upon the sand on seashore.
The Sun never can directly input mechanical energy
to organize a sandcastle, for it is necessarily a
part of the closed system -- the whole system being
isolated from or being independent of "any external
agency". A 'closed system' is a system that
functions independent of its environment. The Sun is
not an "external agency", since it cannot input
mechanical energy on its own to organize anything.
Thus, it is clear that your closed system argument is
sophistry. A *solar* powered machine/robot designed
to build a sandcastle or a little boy in his
swimming trunk is an "external agency", for neither
is a part of "the unaided action of natural processes".
Using the current thermodynamic terminology, either one
is "external" to the *spontaneous* process of the
Sun shining upon seashore.

Stating the Second Law statistically (for James Clerk
Maxwell proved more than a century ago that the
Second Law is statistical in nature, and now
thermodynamics is also called statistical mechanics),
a sandcastle, as an example, arising *spontaneously*
is improbable. That is a technical way of saying that
it is impossible, no matter how much time passes.

Art Bulla (www.artbulla.com) has provided the
statistical calculation for the probability of
just one protein molecule arising *spontaneously*.
It is found in his epistle, published in
"The Revelations of Jesus Christ", sec. 14.
(Start with 14:44.) It is found that it is
statistically improbable, or in other words,
it is impossible for just one protein molecule
of 100 amino acids in length to arise *spontaneously*
(i.e. in a closed system, no "external agency"
involved in protein formation).

There is no such thing as a perpetual
motion machine, which is another equivalent way
of stating the Second Law. Rudolf Clausius's concept
of entropy has furthered our mathematical
comprehension of this fundamental, universal truth.

In conclusion, the theories of Evolution are a pack
of lies, a dogmatic false religion designed to
destroy civilization by blinding and retarding
the minds of men.

Though it began with studies of the heat engine,
the laws of thermodynamics have proven to be
universally applicable, insofar as the *coarse*
material world is concerned. Biochemists employ
the principles of thermodynamics all the time.
Gibbs free energy, etc. They know by experience.
And more obviously, so do mechanical engineers.

Rong Kim
http://www.artbulla.com

The Revelations of Jesus Christ:
http://www.iuniverse.com/bookstore/book_detail.asp?isbn=0-595-28287-3

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Another prophecy of Art Bulla the One Mighty and Strong,
who has successfully demonstrated the fallacy of the
Evolutionary religion:

1 Arise, shine; for thy light is come, and the
glory of the LORD is risen upon thee.
2 For, behold, the darkness shall cover the earth,
and gross darkness the people: but the LORD shall
arise upon thee, and his glory shall be seen upon thee.
(Old Testament | Isaiah 60:1 - 2)

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"I believe, with the Westminster Divines and their
predecessors ad Infinitum, that 'Man's chief end
is to glorify God and to enjoy him for ever'."
- James Clerk Maxwell.

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