Re: Solar Activity Reaches 1,000 Year Peak

On 13/04/07 19:26, in article
K56dndc8UMKGIILbnZ2dnUVZ_uPinZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxx, "El Castor"
<NotAnyone@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

So, have you emailed Solanki or Svensmark with your findings?
`
Not necessary. These competent investigators know the current
literature
and cite it if appropriate. It is you who needs to be informed. You
are politically and not scientifically oriented which is why you
practice authoritarianism in citing their names but not dealing
with their ideas.

I am also waiting for Earl to reply since he has some background
and brought up the cosmic ray issue.

The problem in the past is that cloud formation has not been measured
historically (it could not be) so we don't know quite what happened
in the past. Geological sciences are still developing, as seen by
the fact that cloud statistics are very recent. They don't vary
with the sun spots cycle for the period studied but the period
is too brief to get an idea what is going on. Hopefully the
government will not continue to cut funds for orbiting vehicles
to measure various weather related variables.

There is more to this story but one major point is that the albedo
issue has NOT received a lot of attention on this group (17 google
hits).
One of those dealt with the Mars in global warming debate
and how the dust storms there should have changed its albedo over the
short
run sufficiently to cause the observed heating. Florida already
brought
up the recent change in earth's albedo in a posting in January over a
year ago "Baffled Scientists Say Less Sunlight Reaching Earth", nobody
commented on his posting. This if often true of an avant garde
posting
in which an important issue can go unrecognized. Most posters on this
group
are like yourself, focusing on political and not scientific issues.

Back to developing the albedo and associated issues---

Here is an estimate of the total energy balance--which is an energy
accountants delight. But take the numbes with a small grain of salt,
they
just give an idea of the complexity of the feedbacks.

http://oceanworld.tamu.edu/resources/oceanography-book/radiationbalance.htm

1 Sunlight reaches earth. It has an intensity of 1360 W/m2,
and the average over all the earth is 343 W/m2. Remember, the average
includes day and night, from the equator to the poles. Most solar
energy has a wavelength close to 0.5 µm.
2 49% of the incoming sunlight goes straight through the
atmosphere and it is absorbed by earth's surface, mostly in the
tropical ocean.
3 31% of the incoming sunlight is reflected back to space, 22%
by clouds, and 9% by the surface.
4 The remaining 20% is absorbed in the atmosphere.
5 Sunlight that is absorbed by earth's surface and atmosphere
warms the surface and the atmosphere.
6 The surface cools primarily in two ways:
a All surfaces radiate heat, mostly at wavelengths close to
10 µm wavelength. On average, they radiate 390 W/m2. This is more
than the incoming solar heat, and earth would rapidly cool if there
were no greenhouse gases.
i 90% of the infrared radiation emitted by the surface is
absorbed by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
ii 10% of the infrared radiation emitted by the surface goes
directly to space, mostly in polar regions.
b The ocean evaporates, losing latent heat. On average, two
meters of water is evaporated from the tropical ocean each year. In
addition, small amounts of water evaporate from land and plants on
land. On average 78 W/m2 is lost by evaporation. All latent heat is
released in the atmosphere when the evaporated water condenses as
water in clouds and rain. This warms the atmosphere.
7 The atmosphere cools by radiating infrared radiation to
space.
8 45% of the heat that warms the atmosphere is radiated to
space (235 W/m2).
9 55% of the heat that warms the atmosphere is quickly re-
radiated radiated back to the earth (324 W/m2). This warms the earth
and the lower atmosphere.


****

In fact the system is dynamic and can change with time we saw
in my prior posts on cloud cover.

Very complex, and a change in the albedo will set off a domino game.
The more the heating more water in the air, in some parts of the
world, cloud distributions and their character will change, ice will
melt, the albedo will increase and the dominos will continue to fall.
Water vapor content is the big variable,
and water is not only just a greenhouse gas. A large amount of heat
is transported and released on condensation, that drives storms. CO2
is limited to being weathering agent and greenhouse gas, its contents
in the air and ocean for any brief time is constant.

Information delivery over for the day.


.

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