Re: Kepler's celestial mechanics

To aaa

http://mitpress.mit.edu/journals/pdf/POSC_13_1_74_0.pdf

On page 86 is a representation known as the Panus Quadragesimalis,it is
second only to the Copernican heliocentric arrangement of planets.

The 'Pretzel' represents the motions of Mars against the stellar
background including the retrograde loops but is also partially
heliocentric in that the retrograde loops reflect the approach of the
Earth to the orbital motion of Mars. This is actually happening
presently !.

Copernicus explained the forward -backward- forward arcs of the motion
of the planets as the faster Earth taking an inner orbital circuit to
the outer planets such as Jupiter and Saturn seen in this simulation -

http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0112/JuSa2000_tezel.gif

" In this arrangement, therefore, we discover a marvelous symmetry
of the universe, and an established harmonious linkage between the
motion of the spheres and their size, such as can be found in no other
way. For this permits a not inattentive student to perceive why the
forward and backward arcs appear greater in Jupiter than in Saturn and
smaller than in Mars, and on the other hand greater in Venus than in
Mercury. This reversal in direction appears more frequently in Saturn
than in Jupiter, and also more rarely in Mars and Venus than in
Mercury..... All these phenomena proceed from the same
cause, which is in the earth's motion.


Yet none of these phenomena appears in the fixed stars. This
proves their immense height, which makes even the sphere of the annual
motion, or its reflection, vanish from before our eyes." Copernicus


Newton came along and wrecked havoc on this exquisite reasoning by
introducing a resolution for retrogrades that required an uneccessary
and inappropriate observer on the Sun -

"For to the earth they (planetary orbital motions) appear sometimes
direct, sometimes stationary, nay, and sometimes retrograde. But from
the sun they are always seen direct..."

http://members.tripod.com/~gravitee/phaenomena.htm

In recognising that apparent retrogrades against the stellar background
are resolved by dropping the background and substituting it with the
annual motion of the Earth,in a few paragraphs you withness the
exquisite reasoning behind Copernican heliocentricity and its later
Keplerian/Roemerian refinements and its destruction through Newtonian
quasi-geocentricity -

"PHÆNOMENON IV.
That the fixed stars being at rest, the periodic times of the five
primary planets, and (whether of the sun about the earth, or) of the
earth about the sun, are in the sesquiplicate proportion of their mean
distances from the sun." Newton

Congratulations for partaking in the longest running intellectual
holocaust ever visited on human achievements for the sake of a
'scientific method' that is ill suited to deal with the astronomical
principles of people like Copernicus,Kepler and Roemer.

.

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