Re: The Parian Marble Chronology


"Agamemnon" <agamemnon@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message news:x8SdnRFscKaTbWDenZ2dnUVZ8tydnZ2d@xxxxxxxxxxxx
I've finally managed to track down a translation if it.

Some times the translator has filled in the gaps incorrectly like in line 27 where he's inserted Menestheus insted of Medon and Neleus insted of Neileus.

In the missing fragment the dates of the events such as the Trojan War are nearly 3 decades out when compared to Diodorus and Jerome who are using the same figures, and even the extant fragments which are mostly within about a decade of Jerome's dates for the same events.

The dates for the Athens Archons have an error margin of atleast +/-1 years since some events which happened in the second half of their reign are being given as if the occurred in the first. For example the date for the Battle of Marathon is given by the translator as 491 BC when it should be 490. The date for [Ph]ain[i]p[pid]es can't be 491 since Pausanius places 491 Hybrilides in that year.

Anther problem is that the inscription claims that the annual Archonship began in 684 BC but Pausanius places Tlesias in 685 BC (4.15.1) and and Jerome says that Creon was the first Archon so that means someone must be at least 2 years out. Also since the Marble places Lysia[des] as Archon 2 years after the author claims the annual Archonship began its not possible to work out the correct order of succession, Creon, Tlesias, Lysiades or Creon, Lysiades, Tlesias.

Pausanius dates the 10 yearly Archons as starting in 758 or 757 BC depending on how you read 4.5.10 and 4.13.7 but this does not work with Diodorus or Jeromes dating of the end of the Trojan War at 1183 BC which causes a 3 or 2 year overlap with the reigns of the last lifetime Archons as given be Jerome.

It could be possible that Pausanius archon list duplicated more than one year when two archons ruled during the same year such as 411/10 when Theopompos and Mnasilochos ruled one after the other when one of them died in office. That would at least knock a year of Pausanius early dates but that would make Tlesias the first annual archon so there must be at least another year that needs to be knocked off. In that case Creon, Tlesias and Lysiades would be the first 3 annual archons in 684, 683 and 682 BC.


The date for the death of Darius is wrong as is his date for Alyattes reign. The missing section on like 682 could be referring to the Battle of the

line 33

Great trench is Pausnius chronology of the Second Messenian War is followed.


For the Greek text go to
http://www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk/ash/faqs/q004/q004007.html

[From all the records and general accounts] I have recorded [the previous times], beginning from Cecrops becoming first king of Athens, until [____] uanax was archon in Paros, and Diognetus in Athens.

1582/1BC 1) From when Cecrops became king of Athens and the place was called Cecropia, which had previously been called Actica from Actaeon who was native there, 1318 years.

1574/3BC 2) From when Deucalion became king near Parnassus in Lycoreia when Cecrops was king of Athens, 1310 years.

1532/1BC 3) From when there was a dispute at Athens between Ares and Poseidon, because of Poseidon's son Halirrhothius, and the place was called the Hill of Ares, 1268 years, when Cr[ana]os was king of Athens.

1529/8BC 4) From when there was a flood in the time of Deucalion, and Deucalion fled the waters from Lycoreia to Athens to [Cranaos] and [founded the temple of Olympian] Zeu[s, and] made offerings for his deliverance, 1265 years, when Cranaos was king of Athens.

1522/1BC 5) From [when Amphi]ctyon <the> son of Deucalion became king in Thermopylae and brought together those living round about the [tem]ple and named them [Amphictyons], and [sacrificed on their behalf], where the Amphictyons even now still make offerings , 1258 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.

1521/0BC 6) From when Hellen the [son of] Deuc[alion] became king of [Phthi]otis, and those previously called Greeks were named Hellenes, and [the Panath__ games____], 1257 [years], when Amphictyon was king of Athens.

1519/8BC 7) From when Cadmus the son of Agenor came to Thebes [_____and] built the Cadmeia, 1255 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.

1516/5BC 8) From when _____nices became king, 1252 years, when Amphictyon was king of Athens.

1511/0BC 9) From when [the first fifty-oared] ship [ prepared by Danaus] sailed from Egypt to Greece and was called a penteconter, and the daughters of Danaus, _____ and _____ and Helike and Archedike, chosen by lot by the rest, [founded the temple of Lindian Athene] and made offerings on the headland ____ in Lindos in Rhodes, 1247 years, [when Erichthonios] was king [of Athens].

1506/5BC 10) [From when] at the time of the first Panathenaia, [Erich]thonius yoked up a chariot and showed how to race, and [gave] the Athenians [their name, and the glory] of the mother of the gods appeared in Cybele, and Hyagnis the Phrygian first invented the Phrygian flute in ______, and first played [the music c]alled Phrygian, and other styles of the Mother, of Dionysus, of Pan and _______, 1242 years, when Erychthonius, who yoked horses to a chariot, was king of Athens.

1506/5BC 11) From when Minos [the first became king of Crete and settled Apoll]onia, and iron was discovered in Ida, by Celmis [and Damnameneus] of the Idaean Dactyls, [____ years], when Pandion was king of Athens.

1410/09BC 12) From when Demeter, coming to Athens, [invented] the seed corn, and the [first festival of ploughing time was celebrated, under the instruction of T]riptolemus, son of Celeus and Neaira, 1146 years, when Erechtheus was king in Athens.

1409/8BC 13) From when Tripto[lemus reaped the corn which] he sowed in the Rarian plain called Eleusis, 1[1]45 years, when [Erechtheus] was king of Athens.

1399/8BC 14) [From when Orpheus ____] made known his own poetry, the rape of Kore and the search of Demeter and [the seed created by her and the mult]itude of those receiving the corn, 1135 years when Erechtheus was king of Athens.

15) [From when Eumolpus _____] instituted the mysteries in Eleusis and made known the works of the [father of M]ousaios, [11______, when Erechthe]us son of Pandion [was king of Athens].

16) From when there was the first purification________ [____ years], when Pandion son of Cecrops was king of Athens.

17) From when in Eleusis the gymnastic [games]____________ the festival of Lycaian Zeus took place in Arcadia and _____ of Lycaon were given to the Hell[enes, ____ years] when Pandion son of Cecrops was king of Athens.

18) From when _________ Heracles ______, when Aegeus was king at Athens.

1295/4BC 19) From when there was [a shortage] of crops at Athens and, to the Athen[ians] consulting the oracle, [Apo]llo replied that they should promise whatever [penalty] Minos should think right, 1031 years, when Aegeus was king of Athens.

1259/8BC 20) From when Thes[eus, becoming king] of Athens, brought the 12 townships into one and gave them government and democracy, ______ of Athens, and after killing Sinis he established the Isthmian games, 995 years.

1256/5BC 21) From [the invasion] of the Amazons [into Attica, 99]2 [years], when Theseus was king of Athens.

1218/7BC 23) From when the [Helle]nes marched against Troy, 954 years, in the 13th year that [Men]estheus was king of Athe[ns].

1209/8BC 24) From when Troy was taken, 945 years, in the <2>2nd year that [Menesthe]us was king of Athens, on the 7th day before the end of the month Th[argelio]n.

1208/7BC 25) From [the trial] on the Areopagus of Orestes, son of A[gamemnon, and Erigone,] daughter of [Ae]gisthus, [on behalf of Ae]gisthus and Cly[taemnestra]; which case Orestes won, [since the votes were equal]; [9]44 years, when Demophon was king of Athens.

1202/1BC 26) From when Teucer founded [Salamis in] Cyprus, 938 years, when Demophon was king of Athens.

1077/6BC 27) From when Ne[l]eus colonised [Miletus and all the] rest of [Ioni]a, Ephesus, Erythrae, Clazomenae, P[ri]ene, Lebedos, Teos, Colophon, Myus, [Phocaia], Samos, [Chios, and] the [Pan]ioni[an] games took place, [8]13 years, when Me[nestheus was king] of Athens [for the 13th year].

28) From when [Hes]iod the poet [appeared] 67____ years when _____ was king of Athens.

907/6BC 29) From when Homer the poet appeared, 643 years, when [D]iognetus was king of Athens.

30) From when Ph[ei]don the Argive made public meas[ures and]
895/4BC 30 cont) prepared [wei]ghts and made a silver coinage in Aegina, being the 11th from Heracles, 631 years, when [Pherecl]es was king of Athens.

31) From when Archias son of Euagetus, being the tenth from Temenus, led the emigration from Corinth [and founded] Syracu[se, ____ years], when Aeschylus was in his 21st year as king of Athens

684/3BC 32) From when the annual archonship began, 420 years.

682/1BC 33) From when _________ 418 years, when Lysia[des] was archon at Athens

645/4BC 34) From when Terpander the Lesbian, son of Derdenes, [made innovations] in the conventions of [lyre playing] _____ and changed the earlier style of music, 381 years, when Dropides was archon at Athens.

605/4BC 35) From when A[lyatte]s became king of the Lydians, [3]41years, when Aristocles was archon at Athens.

36) From when Sappho sailed from Mytilene to Sicily, fleeing _______, when the first Critias was [archon] at Athens, and in Syracuse the big landowners were in power

591/0BC 37) [From when] the Am[phict]yons [sacrificed] after defeating Kyrrha, and the gymnastic contest was set up with a money prize from the spoils, [32]7 years, when Simon was archon at Athens.

582/1BC 38) From when the contest [for the wr]eath was established [at Delphi] again, 318 years, when the second Damasius was archon at Athens.

39) From when in Ath[en]s the [chorus of] comic [actors] was instituted, which the Icarians [first set up] and Sousarion invented, and a prize was first set of an arsichos of figs and a measure of wine, [______years, when _____ was archon at Athens.] ______.

561/0BC 40) From when Peisistratus became tyrant of Athens, 297 years, when C[o]m[e]us was archon [at Athens].

556/5BC 41) From when Croesus [sent envoys from] Asia [to] Delphi, [29]2 [years], when Euthydemus was archon at Athens.

541/0BC 42) From when Cyrus king of the Persians took Sardis and Croesus ____, [277 years, when _____ was archon at Athens, and] also Hipponax the iambic poet [lived] about this time.

43) From when Thespis the poet, who brought out a play in the city, was the first to (speak in dialogue), and (the prize) of a goat was established, 2[7___] years, when _______naius the earlier was archon at Ath[ens].

520/19BC 44) From when after the death of the Magian Darius became king of the Persians, [2]56 years, when ________ was archon at Athens.

512/1BC 45) From when Harmodius and [Aristoge]iton kil[led Hippa]rchus [the successor] of Peisistratus, and the Athenians [drove] the Peisistratids outside the [P]elasgian wall, 248 years, when Ha[rpactides] was archon at Athens.

510/09BC 46) From when choruses of men first competed, which contest Hypo[di]cus the Chalcidian won as trainer, 246 years, when Lysagoras was archon at Athens.

495/4BC 47) From when Me[lan]ippid[es] of M[elos won] at Athens, 231 years, when Pythocritus was archon at Athens.

491/0BC 48) From when the Athenians fought at Marathon against the Persians, and Ar[taphernes the] nephew of Darius, [and Da]tis the general, which battle the Athenians won, 227 years, when the second [Ph]ain[i]p[pid]es was archon at Athens. Aeschylus the poet fought in this battle, aged 35.

490/89BC 49) From when Simonides the grandfather of Simonides the poet, who was himself a poet too, took the prize at Athens, and Darius dies and Xerxes his son is king, [2]26 years, when Aristeides was archon at Athens.

486/5BC 50) From when Aeschylus the poet first won with a tragedy, and Euripides the poet was born, and Stesichorus the poet [arrived] in Greece, 222 years, when Philocrates was archon in Athens.

481/0BC 51) From when Xerxes lashed together the bridge in the Hellespont and dug through Athos, and the battle in Thermo[py]lae took place, and the sea battle of the Hellenes against the Persians around Salamis, in which battle the Hellenes were victorious, 217 years, when Calliades was archon in Athens.

479/8BC 53) From when G[e]lon the son of Deinomenes became tyrant of S[yracuse] 215 years, when Timosthen[es] was archon in Athens.

477/6BC 54) From when Simonides of Kos, who was the son of Leoprepes, and who invented a system of mnemonics, trained actors and won a prize at Athens, and the statues of Harmodius and Aristogeiton were put up, 21[3] years, when [A]deimantus was archon in Athens.

472/1BC 55) From when Hieron became tyrant of Syracuse, 208 years, when Cha[r]es was archon at Athens. Epicharmus the poet too470/69BC 56) From when Sophocles of Colonus, son of Sophillus, won with a tragedy at the age of 28, 206 years, when Apsephion was archon at Athens. was about this time.

470/69BC 56) From when Sophocles of Colonus, son of Sophillus, won with a tragedy at the age of 28, 206 years, when Apsephion was archon at Athens.

469/8BC 57) From when the stone fell in Aegospotami, and Simonides the poet died at the age of 90, 205 years, when Theagenides was archon in Athens.

463/2BC 58) From when Alexander died and his son Perdiccas is king of the Macedonians, 19[9] years, when Euthippus was archon in Athens.

457/6BC 59) From when Aeschylus the poet, having lived for 69 years, died in [Gel]a in Sicily, 193 years, when Callias the earlier was archon at Athens.

443/2BC 60) From when Euripides first won with a tragedy at the age of 44, 1[79] years, when Diphilus was archon in Athens. Socrates and Anaxagoras lived about the time of Euripides.

421/0BC 61) From when Archelaus is king of the Macedonians after the death of Perdiccas, 1[57] years, when Astyphilus was archon at Athens.

411/0BC 62) From when Dionysius became tyrant of Syracuse, 14[7] years, when Euctemon was archon at Athens.

409/8BC 63) From when Euripides died [having lived for 7_ years,] 145 years, when Antigenes was archon at Athens.

407/6BC 64) From when Sophocles the poet died, having lived 92 years, and Cyrus went inland, [143 years], when Callias the earlier was archon at Athens.

403/2BC 65) From when Telestes of Selinus won at Athens, 139 years, when Mikon was [arch]on at Athens.

401/0BC 66) From when [the Hellenes who] had gone inland [with] Cyrus [came down to the coast], and Socrates the philosopher died at 70 years of age, 137 years, when Laches was archon at Athens.

399/8BC 67) From when Ar[i]sto[nous_____ won] at Athens, 135 years, when Aristocrates was archon at Athens.

68) From when Polyidos of Selymbria won with a dithyramb at Athens, 1[__] years, [______ was archon at Athens].

380/79BC 69) [From] when Philoxenus the dithyrambist dies, aged 55, 116 years, when Pytheus was archon at Athens.

377/6BC 70) From when Anaxandrides the comic [playwright won at Athens, 113 years,] when Callias [was archon] at Athens.

373/2BC 71) From when Astydamas won at Athens, 109 years, when Asteius was archon at Athens. Then too [the temple at Delphi] burned down.

371/0BC 72) [From when the battle at Leuctra] took place between the Thebans and the Lacedaimonians, which battle the Thebans won, 107 years, when Phrasicleides was archon at Athens. And A[myntas dies and Alexander his son] is king [of the Macedonians].

73) From when Stesichorus the second, of Himera, won at Athens and Megalapolis was built [in Arcadia, 10___ years, when ______ was archon at Athens.

368/7BC 74) From when Dionysios of Sicily died and his son Dionysius became tyrant, and after Alexander [died Ptolemy of Alorus] is king [of the Macedonians,] 104 years, when Nausigenes was archon at Athens.

366/5BC 75) From when the Phocians [seized the oracle] in Delphi [_____, 102 years,] when Cephisodorus [was archon at Athe]ns.

76) From when Timotheus died aged 90, [______ years, when _____ was archon at Athens.]

77) [From when Philip son of Amyntas] is king of the [Ma]cedonians, and Artaxerxes died and his son Ochus [is king, ________ years, when _______ was archon in Athens].

357/6BC 78) [From when _______] won [in Athens], 93 years, when Agathocles was archon in Athens.

80) From when _____, ____ [years], when _____ was archon [at Athens].

336/5BC 1)_____________ [Philip died] and Ale[xander] is king, 72 years, when Pythodelus was archon at Athens.

335/4BC 2) From when Alexander marched against the Triballoi and Illyrians, and when the Thebans rose up and besieged the garrison, he came back, took the city by force, and destroyed it; 71 years, when Euainetus was archon in Athens.

334/3BC 3) From Alexander's crossing into Asia and the battle near the Granicus, and from the battle of Alexander against Darius at Issus, 70 years, when Ctesicles was archon at Athens.

333/2BC 4) From when Alexander seized Phoenicia and Cyprus and Egypt, 69 years, when Nicocrates was archon at Athens.

332/1BC 5) From the battle of Alexander against Darius near Arbela, which Alexander won. And Babylon was taken, and he dismissed the allies, and Alexandria was founded, 68 years, when Niketus was archon at Athens.

330/29BC 6) From when Callippus demonstrated astrology, and Alexander took Darius and hanged Bessus, 66 years, when Aristophon was archon at Athens.

328/7BC 7) From when Philemon the comic dramatist won, 64 years, when Euthycrites was archon at Athens and the city Hellenis was founded near the Tanais.

324/3BC 8) From the death of Alexander and Ptolemy's gaining control of Egypt, 60 years, when Hegesius was archon at Athens.

323/2BC 9) From the war around Lamia which the Athenians fought against Antipater, and the sea battle which the Macedonians fought against the Athenians around Amorgos, which the Macedonians won, 59 years, when Cephisodorus was archon at Athens.

322/1BC 10) From when Antipater took Athens and Ophelas, sent by Ptolemy, took Cyrene, 58 years, when Philocles was archon at Athens.

321/0BC 11) From when Antigonus crossed into Asia and Alexander was buried in Memphis and Perdiccas died after marching into Egypt, and Craterus, and also Aristotle the sophist aged 50, 57 years, when Archippus was archon at Athens and Ptolemy journeyed into Cyrene.

319/8BC 12) From the death of Antipater, and the withdrawal of Cassander from Macedonia and from the siege in Cyzicus by Aridaius, and from when Ptolemy took Syria and Phoenicia, 55 years, when Apollodorus was archon at Athens. And in that same year the Syracusans chose Agathocles as commander in chief of the Sicilian defences.

317/6BC 13) From the sea battle between Cleitus and Nicanor around the temple of the Chalcedonians, and from when Demetrius made laws at Athens, 53 years, when Demogenes was archon at Athens.

316/5BC 14) From when Cassander came back into Macedonia, and Thebes was built and Olympias died and Cassandreia was founded and Agathocles became tyrant of Syracuse, 52 years, when Democleid[es] was archon at Athens. Menander the comic dramatist first won the prize at Athens then.

313/2BC 15) From when Sosiphanes poet dies [aged] 45, 49 years, when Theophrastus was archon at Athens.

312/1BC 16) From the eclipse of the sun and when Ptolemy defeated Demetrius in Gaza and sent Seleucus to Babylon, [4]8 years, when Po[lem]on was archon at Athens.

311/0BC 17) From when [N]icocreon died and Ptolemy seizes the island, 47 years, when Si[moni]des was archon at Athens.

311/0BC 17) From when [N]icocreon died and Ptolemy seizes the island, 47 years, when Si[moni]des was archon at Athens.

310/09BC 18) From when Ale[xander the son of Alexander] dies and also the other, Heracles, born of the daughter of Artabazus, and Agathocles crossed into Carched[on _______4]6 [years], when Hieromnemon was archon at Athens.

309/8BC 19) From when the city L[ysi]macheia was founded, and Ophelas ______ into [Ca]rch[edon_______] and Ptolemy his son was born in Kos, and Cl[eop]atra died in Sardis [_________, 45 years, when D]emetrius [was archon at A]thens.

308/7BC 20) From when Demetrius the son of Antigonus besieged the [P]eiraeus and took it, [and Demetrius of Phalerum was exiled from Athens, 44 years, when] Cairimus [was archon] at Athens.

307/6BC 21) From when Demetrius razed Mounychia and took Cyprus and Phill______ [4]3 [years,] when Anaxicrates was archon at Athens.

306/5BC 22) From when Sosiphanes the poet was [born and _______ 42 years, when C]oroibus [was archon at Athens.]

305/4BC 23) From the siege of Rhodes and from when [Pt]olemy succee[ded] to the throne, [41 years, when Euxenippus was archon at Athens.]

304/3BC 24) [From the] earthquakes that occurred in Ionia, and when Demetrius [to]ok Chalc[is] on agreed terms, and _______of [De]metrius, 40 years, when Pherecles was archon in Athens.

303/2BC 25) From when the [comet] appeared, and Lysimach[us crossed to Asia, 39 years, when Leostratus was archon at Athens.]

302/1BC 26) [From] when Cassander and Demetrius split up _________ Cassan[d]er _______ di[ed], 38 [years], when Nicocles was archon at Athens.

299/8BC 27) [From when_______ of Deme]trius ________going up into Chalcis, and the Athenians_______ Cas[sander ___________] Ptolemy_________35 years, [when Euctemon was archon at Athens.]



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