NTT, Osaka Univ Demonstrates Quantum Computation Based on Quantum Teleportation
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- Date: Thu, 29 May 2008 21:04:15 -0500
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http://techon. nikkeibp. co.jp/english/ NEWS_EN/20080527 /152482/
<http://techon. nikkeibp. co.jp/english/ NEWS_EN/20080527 /152482/>
NTT, Osaka Univ Demonstrates Quantum Computation Based on Quantum
Teleportation May 27, 2008 20:03
Toshiyuki Oomori, Nikkei Electronics Printer-Friendly
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Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corp (NTT) and Osaka University
announced May 26, 2008, that they demonstrated quantum
computation based on a phenomenon called "quantum teleportation"
for the first time in the world.
The demonstration was a result of joint research by a group led
by Yuuki Tokunaka, a researcher at Okamoto Research Laboratory of
NTT Information Sharing Platform Laboratories, and Nobuyuki
Imoto, a professor at Osaka University.
A quantum computer is realized with only two kinds of devices,
namely "rotation gate" and "controlled- NOT gate." While the
rotation gate is comparatively easily produced, the
controlled-NOT gate has been difficult to realize because the
interaction between quantum bits is required, according to the
research group.
The latest achievement was enabled by applying quantum
teleportation to the realization of controlled-NOT gate. Quantum
teleportation is a phenomenon where the quantum state is
transferred between the distant quanta. This phenomenon occurs
when a quantum-mechanical relationship called "quantum
entanglement" is present between the quanta.
When the state of one of the two entangled quanta is determined,
the state of the other is also determined accordingly. This
occurs independently of the distance between the quanta.
In the quantum computation based on quantum teleportation, the
operation is performed simultaneously with teleportation. The
method has an advantage in that once the quantum entanglement is
prepared, it only requires a simple processing, ie, measurement
of each quantum bit.
The research group prepared quantum entanglement of four photons.
The photons were generated by the parametric down-conversion (a
phenomenon to generate a photon pair by the laser light pulse
irradiated on a nonlinear optical crystal). Then, the group
adopted a simple technique with the use of a linear optical
device and a photon detector.
The fidelity (percentage of achieving the target object) of the
quantum entanglement of four photons was 86%, which is much
higher than other groups' records.
Based on the quantum entanglement of four photons thus generated,
the group performed the quantum computation. The group then
determined the "processing limit when no quantum entanglement is
present (classical limit)" based on a theoretical evaluation to
confirm that the result of the test exceeded the classical limit,
thereby demonstrating the contribution of quanta to the
computation.
While the fidelity of the classical limit was 85.4%, the fidelity
of the result from the quantum computation based on the quantum
entanglement was 89.5% (�±1%).
The group plans to increase the number of quantum bits in the
future so that quantum computation can be arbitrarily performed.
Furthermore, making use of the advantage of quantum
teleportation, "independence of distance," the group is
reportedly considering its application in areas such as quantum
cipher communications, as well as voting and payment systems
using the quantum computation.
Meanwhile, the latest achievement will be published in the May
25th electronic edition of the US science journal "Physical
Review Letters."
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