So+. ma^'t te^n HCM - Du+.a va`o Duiker dde^? no'i Ho^` ye^u nu+o+'c ! CCCRD gie^'t ha(`ng tra(m nga`n ngu+o+`i !

* HCM co' ye^u nu+o+'c hay kho^ng?

Le^ Duy Khoa

Ho Chi Minh: A life, William J. Duiker
Nguo^`n: flakmag.com

Vo+'i ba`i vie^'t na`y, to^i kho^ng co' y' xo+'i la.i cuo^.c ba`n
lua^.n vo+'i o^ng Minh Vo~ ma` chi? muo^'n cung ca^'p mo^.t va`i ta`i
lie^.u cho ba.n ddo.c na`o muo^'n ddi sa^u the^m va`o ca^u ho?i do
cuo^.c ba`n lua^.n a^'y go+.i ra: ta.i sao dda~ co' ra^'t ddo^ng
nhu+~ng ho.c gia? tre^n the^' gio+'i xem HCM (HCM) la` ngu+o+`i ye^u
nu+o+'c? O+? dda^y chi? xin gio+'i ha.n va`o hai y' kie^'n xua^'t
hie^.n o+? My~.
1. Y' kie^'n thu+' nha^'t la` cu?a cu?a William J. Duiker, ta'c gia?
cuo^'n Ho Chi Minh: A Life, Hyperion, New York, 2000. Sau khi xua^'t
ba?n cuo^'n sa'ch na`y, Duiker dda~ co' cuo^.c trao ddo^?i vo+'i Brian
Lamb (1) tre^n ma.ng "Booknotes. org" (nga`y 11 tha'ng 12 na(m 2000)
nhu+ sau:
Brian Lamb: Thu+a o^ng William J. Duiker, HCM la` ai?
William Duiker: DDo^'i vo+'i dda so^' ngu+o+`i My~, hie^?n nhie^n HCM
la` ngu+o+`i la~nh dda.o phong tra`o ca'ch ma.ng VN, mo^.t phong tra`o
ma` hie^?n nhie^n, dda~ mang dde^'n cho chu'ng ta (My~) vo^ so^'
nhu+~ng kho' kha(n trong khoa?ng 15, 20 na(m. To^i nghi~ dda so^'
ngu+o+`i My~ dda~ nhi`n o^ng ta nhu+ va^.y. Vo+'i the^' gio+'i co`n
la.i, vo+'i nha^n da^n nhie^`u nu+o+'c so^'ng o+? A' Cha^u, Phi Cha^u,
My~ La tinh, to^i nghi~ o^ng ta cu~ng la` bie^?u tu+o+.ng cu?a phong
tra`o gia?i pho'ng da^n to^.c. Va` hie^?n nhie^n, trong the^' gio+'i
ma` chu'ng ta thu+o+`ng go.i la` CS, o^ng ta la` mo^.t trong nhu+~ng
khuo^n ma(.t quo^'c te^' cu?a phong tra`o ddo', cu`ng vo+'i Stalin va`
Mao Tra.ch DDo^ng.
Nguo^`n: jewishworldreview.com
Brian Lamb: O^ng ta la` mo^.t ngu+o+`i theo chu? nghi~a da^n to^.c hay
CS, hay ca? hai?
Duiker: Ca? hai. Cha('c cha('n o^ng ta dda~ thu+'c ti?nh vo+'i nhu+~ng
thie^n hu+o+'ng ye^u nu+o+'c ma.nh me~, nhu+ng trong qua' tri`nh
tru+o+?ng tha`nh so+'m cu?a mi`nh, dda~ nga? sang tin tu+o+?ng ra(`ng
chu? nghi~a tu+ ba?n la` mo^.t he^. tho^'ng qua' a'p bu+'c, kho^ng
pha?i chi? vo+'i nhu+~ng da^n to^.c nhu+ VN ma` co`n vo+'i giai ca^'p
ca^`n lao kha('p the^' gio+'i. Vi` the^' khi o+? Pha'p, o^ng dda~
tro+? tha`nh mo^.t ngu+o+`i ma'c-xi't xa'c ti'n va` giu+~ ma~i nhu+
va^.y cho dde^'n cuo^'i ddo+`i.
Qua tra? lo+`i tre^n dda^y, chu'ng ta tha^'y Duiker, trong thu+.c
te^', dda~ kho^ng coi HCM chi? la` ngu+o+`i theo chu? nghi~a CS hay
hoa(.c chi? la` ngu+o+`i theo chu? nghi~a da^n to^.c ma` la` ca? hai:
vu+`a da^n to^.c la.i vu+`a CS. Ly' do: HCM dda~ lo+'n le^n trong
ti`nh ca?nh bi. thu+.c da^n ddo^ ho^., cho ne^n su+. thu+'c ti?nh ban
dda^`u cu?a o^ng cu~ng la` su+. thu+'c ti?nh cu?a mo^.t ngu+o+`i ma^'t
nu+o+'c ca^`n pha?i tranh dda^'u dde^? gia`nh chu? quye^`n cho da^n
to^.c. Vo+'i HCM chu? nghi~a CS chi? la` ca'i dde^'n sau, ca'i bo^?
sung cho ddo^.ng lu+.c ban dda^`u, mo^.t su+. ti?m kie^'m ve^` cho^~
du+.a va` mo^.t phu+o+ng pha'p ha`nh ddo^.ng dde^? dda.t mu.c ddi'ch
ddo'.
2. Mo^.t ta`i lie^.u kha'c co' the^? ro.i sa'ng the^m y' kie^'n tre^n
dda^y cu?a W. Duiker. DDo' la` mo^.t mo^.t case study ve^` VN na(m
1997 mang te^n: "1941.1945 Indochina at the Crossroads: Colonialism,
Trusteeship, or Independence?", do Thomas D. Beamish cu?a DDa.i ho.c
California, Santa Barbara hu+o+'ng da^~n, qua ddo' chu'ng ta tha^'y
"nhu+~ng ti`nh ca?m da^n to^.c" cu?a HCM ddu+o+.c minh hoa. ba(`ng
ba?n ye^u sa'ch 7 ddie^?m ma` na(m 1919 HCM (lu'c ddo' mang te^n
Nguye^~n A'i Quo^'c) dda~ gu+?i cho Bo^. tru+o+?ng Bo^. Ngoa.i giao
My~ (Robert Lansing, ddang la` dda.i bie^?u My~ tham du+. Ho^.i nghi.
Versailles), nha^n danh nhu+~ng ly' tu+o+?ng chi'nh tri. cu?a phu+o+ng
Ta^y, ke^u go.i Pha'p va` My~ giu'p ddo+~ ngu+o+`i VN gia`nh la.i
ddo^.c la^.p.
Ta'c gia? ba?n dde^` da^~n no'i tre^n dda~ dda(.t ye^u sa'ch ddo^.c
la^.p na`y (do HCM dda.i die^.n) va`o truye^`n tho^'ng cho^'ng ngoa.i
xa^m cu?a VN, tu+` vie^.c cho^'ng Trung Hoa tho+`i phong kie^'n
chuye^?n sang cho^'ng thu+.c da^n sau na`y vo+'i mo^.t ddie^?m mo+'i
me? dda'ng lu+u y': cuo^.c dda^'u tranh ddo`i ddo^.c la^.p vo+'i Pha'p
qua "bu+'c thu+" no'i tre^n la` ddo`i ho?i o^n hoa` cu?a nhu+~ng lu+.c
lu+o+.ng tie^'n bo^. mo+'i xua^'t hie^.n do tie^'p xu'c vo+'i phu+o+ng
Ta^y, muo^'n canh ta^n xa~ ho^.i co^? truye^`n theo hu+o+'ng hie^.n
dda.i hoa' ve^` ca'c ma(.t va(n hoa', kinh te^' gia'o du.c, ddie^`u
ma` ngu+o+`i VN hoa`n toa`n kho^ng ddu+o+.c hu+o+?ng du+o+'i su+.
tho^'ng tri. cu?a thu+.c Pha'p. (2)
3. Ba?n dde^` da^~n kho^ng no'i ra, nhu+ng nga`y nay chu'ng ta bie^'t
ra^'t ro~ ca'i go.i la` "bu+'c thu+"go^`m 7 ddie^?m ma` HCM gu+?i cho
Bo^. tru+o+?ng Ngoa.i giao My~ na(m 1919 chi'nh la` va(n ba?n mang
te^n "Ye^u sa'ch cu?a nha^n da^n VN" go^`m 8 ddie^?m (co' bo+'t ddi
ddie^?m cuo^'i cu`ng), do Nguye^~n A'i quo^'c ho+.p ta'c vo+'i Phan
Chu Trinh va` Phan Va(n Tru+o+`ng soa.n tha?o dde^? gu+?i ca'c tha`nh
pha^`n tham du+. Ho^.i nghi. Versailles ho.p nhau gia?i quye^'t
nhu+~ng ha^.u qua? cu?a cuo^.c chie^'n tranh the^' gio+'i la^`n thu+'
nha^'t vu+`a cha^'m du+'t (3).
Ti`m hie^?u sa^u ho+n chu'ng ta co`n bie^'t the^m la` ba?n tha^n ca'i
te^n Nguye^~n A'i Quo^'c ky' du+o+'i "ye^u sa'ch" a^'y chi? la` ca'i
te^n do nho'm Phan Chu Trinh dda(.t ra va` ga'n cho HCM, no^.i dung
cu?a ye^u sa'ch a^'y cu~ng chi? la` sa?n pha^?m tinh tha^`n cu?a Phan
Chu Trinh, cha(?ng di'nh da'ng gi` dde^'n chu? nghi~a CS ca?. HCM chi?
tro+? tha`nh CS khi theo mo^.t bo^. pha^.n cu?a DDa?ng Xa~ ho^.i Pha'p
trong dda.i ho^.i Tours 1920 chuye^?n sang DDe^. Tam, va` khi la`m
co^ng vie^.c na`y, HCM lu'c ba^'y gio+` cu~ng chu+a hie^?u bao nhie^u
ve^` chu? nghi~a CS (chu+a he^` ddo.c mo^.t chu+~ na`o cu?a Marx) ma`
chi? vi` tha^'y DDe^. tam Quo^'c te^' (DDTQT) cho bie^'t trie^.t dde^?
u?ng ho^. phong tra`o gia?i pho'ng da^n to^.c tho^i. (4)
HCM ta.i DDa.i ho^.i anh hu`ng, chie^'n si~ thi ddua cho^'ng My~ cu+'u
nu+o+'c (12/1966)
Nguo^`n: library.wisc.edu
4. Ha`ng loa.t nhu+~ng va^'n dde^` se~ dda(.t ra dde^? ti`m hie^?u
the^m, cha(?ng ha.n: a) Ta.i sao HCM kho^ng trung tha`nh vo+'i
ddu+o+`ng lo^'i Phan Chu Trinh ma` la.i nga? theo DDe^. Tam Quo^'c
te^', b) Khi sang DDTQT ro^`i, co' tha^.t HCM dda~ tu+` bo? y'
nguye^.n ban dda^`u la` gia?i pho'ng da^n to^.c?, c) Khi dda~ la`
tha`nh vie^n cu?a DDTQT ro^`i, HCM co' pha?i chi? nha(`m phu.c vu.
tuye^.t ddo^'i quye^`n lo+.i cu?a DDTQT va` ddu+o+.c tin tu+o+?ng
hoa`n toa`n? v.v... Nhi`n va^'n dde^` mo^.t ca'ch li.ch su+?, chu'ng
ta tha^'y ca'c ca^u ho?i tre^n kho^ng the^? tra? lo+`i chi? ba(`ng suy
lua^.n, die^~n di.ch. Nhu+ng ne^'u ta.m ga'c la.i dde^? chi? chu' y'
dde^'n hai ta`i ta`i lie^.u xua^'t xu+' tu+` nu+o+'c My~ vu+`a
ddu+o+.c tri`nh ba`y, chu'ng ta tha^'y nhu+~ng nha` nghie^n cu+'u dda~
co' co+ so+? thu+.c te^' dde^? nhi`n tha^'y khi'a ca.nh ye^u nu+o+'c
trong con ngu+o+`i CS cu?a HCM - mo^.t ngu+o+`i CS ye^u nu+o+'c hoa(.c
mo^.t ngu+o+`i ye^u nu+o+'c CS.
DDu'ng sai nhu+ the^' na`o trong su+. ke^'t ho+.p hai khi'a ca.nh na`y
trong con ngu+o+`i HCM, bie^?u hie^.n qua ca'c tho+`i ddie^?m kha'c
nhau (trong dda^'u tranh gia`nh ddo^.c la^.p va` trong xa^y du+.ng
hoa` bi`nh) la` chuye^.n chu+a ddu+o+.c ba`n dde^'n trong nhu+~ng ta`i
lie^.u dda~ ke^?: ddie^`u khie^'n chu'ng ta chu' y' ve^` ma(.t
phu+o+ng pha'p la` qua ca'c ta`i lie^.u a^'y, nhu+~ng nha` nghie^n
cu+'u dda~ pha^n tich HCM nhu+ mo^.t tru+o+`ng ho+.p cu. the^? bao
go^`m nhie^`u khi'a ca.nh, ca'c khi'a ca.nh na`y kho^ng pha?i lu'c
na`o cu~ng nhu+ nhau ma` dda~ ddu+o+.c bo^.c lo^. qua nhu+~ng ddie^`u
kie^.n li.ch su+? kha'c nhau. To^i cho ra(`ng ddo' la` ca'ch nhi`n
cu?a nhu+~ng ngu+o+`i vie^'t su+? ddi'ch thu+.c: to^n tro.ng ti'nh
cha^'t thu+.c te^' va` nhie^`u ma(.t cu?a ca'c su+. kie^.n dde^?
dda'nh gia' chu+' kho^ng la`m ngu+o+.c la.i.
Saigon 5/07/2006

Chu' thi'ch:
(1): BRIAN LAMB, host: William J. Duiker, who was Ho Chi Minh?
(2): 1941.1945 Indochina at the Crossroads: Colonialism, Trusteeship,
or Independence?, Thomas D. Beamish, Dept of Sociology, UC Santa
Barbara, (1997)
(3): Ba?y ddie^?m ye^u sa'ch a^'y la`:
1) General amnesty for all native people who have been condemned for
political activity.
2) Reform of the Indochinese justice system by granting to the native
population the same judicial guarantees as the Europeans have and the
total suppression of the special courts which are the instruments of
terrorization and oppression against the most responsible elements of
the Annamite people.
3) Freedom of Press.
4) Freedom to associate freely
5) Freedom to emigrate and to travel abroad
6) Freedom of education, and creation in every province of technical
and professional schools for the native population.
7) Replacement of the regime of arbitrary decrees by a regime of law.
DDa~ bo+'t ddi ddie^?m so^' 8) co' ghi trong "Ye^u sa'ch cu?a nha^n
da^n An Nam" (ke`m theo vo+'i thu+ gu+?i To^?ng tho^'ng My~ cu`ng
mo^.t lu+o+.t vo+'i ca'c tru+o+?ng ddoa`n ca'c nu+o+'c tham du+. Ho^.i
nghi. Versailles na(m 1919 (trong ddo' co' Robert Lansing) nhu+ sau:
8) "DDoa`n dda.i bie^?u thu+o+`ng tru+.c cu?a ngu+o+`i ba?n xu+', do
ngu+o+`i ba?n xu+' ba^`u ra, ta.i Nghi. vie^.n Pha'p dde^? giu'p cho
Nghi. vie^.n bie^'t ddu+o+.c nhu+~ng nguye^.n vo.ng cu?a ngu+o+`i ba?n
xu+'" (HCM toa`n ta^.p, ta^.p 1, Nha` xua^'t ba?n chi'nh tri. quo^'c
gia , Ha` No^.i - 2000, tr. 435.437)
(4): Tu+` Nguye^~n Ta^'t Tha`nh dde^'n Ho^` CHi' Minh, Mu.c: Be^n
nha`, Thu+ mu.c: Lu+~ Phu+o+ng

.

Relevant Pages