Green Power takes root in China
- From: "truth" <truth@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 03 Jul 2009 14:37:40 GMT
truth comment: good of china to promote green energy and
lead the world in this direction.
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/03/business/energy-environment/03renew.html?pagewanted=1&_r=1&hpw
By KEITH BRADSHER
Published: July 2, 2009
DUNHUANG, China - As the United States takes its first steps toward
mandating that power companies generate more electricity from renewable
sources, China already has a similar requirement and is investing billions
to remake itself into a green energy superpower. Dunhuang, an oasis deep in
the Gobi Desert along the famed Silk Road, has become a center for China's
drive to lead the world in wind and solar energy.
Through a combination of carrots and sticks, Beijing is starting to change
how this country generates energy. Although coal remains the biggest energy
source and is almost certain to stay that way, the rise of renewable energy,
especially wind power, is helping to slow China's steep growth in emissions
of global warming gases.
While the House of Representatives approved a requirement last week that
American utilities generate more of their power from renewable sources of
energy, and the Senate will consider similar proposals over the summer,
China imposed such a requirement almost two years ago.
This year China is on track to pass the United States as the world's largest
market for wind turbines - after doubling wind power capacity in each of the
last four years. State-owned power companies are competing to see which can
build solar plants fastest, though these projects are much smaller than the
wind projects. And other green energy projects, like burning farm waste to
generate electricity, are sprouting up.
This oasis town deep in the Gobi Desert along the famed Silk Road and the
surrounding wilderness of beige sand dunes and vast gravel wastelands has
become a center of China's drive to lead the world in wind and solar energy.
A series of projects is under construction on the nearly lifeless plateau to
the southeast of Dunhuang, including one of six immense wind power projects
now being built around China, each with the capacity of more than 16 large
coal-fired power plants.
Each of the six projects "totally dwarfs anything else, anywhere else in the
world," said Steve Sawyer, the secretary general of the Global Wind Energy
Council, an industry group in Brussels.
Some top Chinese regulators even worry that Beijing's mandates are pushing
companies too far too fast. The companies may be deliberately underbidding
for the right to build new projects and then planning to go back to the
government later and demand compensation once the projects lose money.
"The problem is we have so many stupid enterprises," said Li Junfeng, who is
the deputy director general for energy research at China's top economic
planning agency and the secretary general of the government-run Renewable
Energy Industries Association.
HSBC predicts that China will invest more money in renewable energy and
nuclear power between now and 2020 than in coal-fired and oil-fired
electricity.
That does not mean that China will become a green giant overnight. For one
thing, Chinese power consumption is expected to rise steadily over the next
decade as 720 million rural Chinese begin acquiring the air-conditioners and
other power-hungry amenities already common among China's 606 million city
dwellers.
As recently as the start of last year, the Chinese government's target was
to have 5,000 megawatts of wind power installed by the end of next year, or
the equivalent of eight big coal-fired power plants, a tiny proportion of
China's energy usage and a pittance at a time when China was building close
to two coal-fired plants a week.
But in March of last year, as power companies began accelerating
construction of wind turbines, the government issued a forecast that 10,000
megawatts would actually be installed by the end of next year. And now, just
15 months later, with construction of coal-fired plants having slowed to one
a week and still falling, it appears that China will have 30,000 megawatts
of wind energy by the end of next year - which was previously the target for
2020, Mr. Li said.
A big impetus was the government's requirement, issued in September 2007,
that large power companies generate at least 3 percent of their electricity
by the end of 2010 from renewable sources. The calculation excludes
hydroelectric power, which already accounts for 21 percent of Chinese power,
and nuclear power, which accounts for 1.1 percent.
Chinese companies must generate 8 percent of their power from renewable
sources other than hydroelectric by the end of 2020.
The House bill in the United States resembles China's approach in imposing a
renewable energy standard on large electricity providers. But the details
make it hard to compare standards. The House bill requires large electricity
providers in the United States to derive at least 15 percent of their energy
by 2020 from a combination of energy savings and renewable energy -
including hydroelectric dams built since 1992.
Chinese power companies are eager to invest in renewable energy not just
because of the government's mandates, but because they are flush with cash
and state-owned banks are eager to lend them more money. And there are few
regulatory hurdles.
At the same time, the Ministry of Environmental Protection has temporarily
banned three of the country's five main power companies from building more
coal-fired power plants, punishment for their failure to comply with
environmental regulations at existing coal-fired plants. China's renewable
energy frenzy has been accelerating recently, especially in solar energy.
Last winter, winning bidders for three projects agreed to sell power to the
national power grid for about 59 cents a kilowatt hour.
But this spring, when the government solicited offers to build and operate
the 10-megawatt photovoltaic solar power plant here in Dunhuang, the lowest
bid was just 10 cents a kilowatt hour - so low the government rejected it as
likely to result in losses for whatever state-owned bank lent money to build
it.
The winning bidder was China Guangdong Nuclear Power Company, an entirely
state-owned business that bid 16 cents a kilowatt hour. (That was still far
below last winter's price, but a two-thirds drop in raw material costs
because of the global financial crisis has started to drive down the cost of
solar panels, the chief expense for the winning bidder.)
Zheng Shuangwei, the company's general manager for northwest China, said
that 22 or 23 cents would be more fair. The bid of 16 cents "is not a proper
price," he acknowledged. "It's a bidding rate that is the result of
competition."
By comparison, the grid buys electricity from coal-fired power plants for 4
to 5 cents a kilowatt hour. Wind turbine rates have dropped to 7 cents from
10 cents over the last couple of years because of fierce competition and
declining turbine costs.
The solar project still must go ahead, Mr. Zheng said, because China has
limited coal reserves - 41 years at current rates of production - and the
potential for hydroelectric power is leveling off as most eligible rivers
have already been dammed.
But technical obstacles to renewable energy are popping up. Sandstorms in
Dunhuang in the spring, for instance, will cover solar panels and render
them useless until they are cleaned after each storm by squads of workers
using feather brushes to avoid scratching the panels, a process expected to
take two days.
And wind turbines are being built faster here than the national grid can
erect high-voltage power lines to carry the electricity to cities elsewhere.
On the windiest days, only half the power generated can be transmitted, said
Min Deqing, a local renewable energy consultant.
Nonetheless, city officials are pushing for more projects.
"It's the Gobi Desert," said Wang Yu, the vice director of economic
planning. "There's not much other use for it."
.
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