Re: Space-time for bird brains Re: la-la-la!

On Feb 3, 4:46 pm, ©Haos <gurabatec...@xxxxxxx> wrote:
On Feb 3, 2:29 pm, fractalfract...@xxxxxxxxx wrote:

On Feb 3, 4:20 pm, Pitiku <kboss...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:> On Feb 3, 2:18 pm, "Basil." <Ba...@xxxxxxxx> wrote:

sunt pe scr!
Basil.

Fi cuminte ! Daca te pui cu G

SP JIDANE SINTETII IN PANICA SI IMI OCUPATII TIMPUL DE POMANA

What is time, eh ???

AKA = 0
MKTRIPMANAGER .

G

Space-time for bird brains

Helen Phillips

The phrase ‘bird-brain’ is not usually associated with a well-
developed intellect, but it now seems that the insult may be rather
unfair on our feathered friends. A report in the 17 September 1998
issue of Nature now shows that some birds have an amazing memory for
events. They are able to remember not only where and what happened,
but also when - an ability so far only attributed to the human brain.

Some types of birds (including the parids, which include titmice and
chickadees, and the corvids, including jays, nutcrackers and magpies)
are prolific food storers, hiding small food caches in perhaps
hundreds of different places. Although they could conceivably get by
using a random search strategy to recover the stores, many food-
storing birds have been found to have an amazing memory for where they
left things.

But a remarkable memory for places is not the only skill of these bird-
brains. They can also remember what they have stored there. If they
are restricted to a boring diet of just one type of food, then given
the freedom to head for their food caches, they avoid the stores of
the food they are fed-up with, and head for the caches that will yield
some variety. They also have favourite foods which they generally head
for first.

But memory for ‘what’ and ‘where’ is still not that remarkable in the
animal kingdom. Even insects can do it to some extent. It is the
ability to remember what, where and also when an event occurred -
referred to as episodic memory - that is generally considered to be a
much more sophisticated form of memory, and is usually assumed to be
uniquely human.

But it does seem that food-caching birds can manage their stores with
some consideration for the perishability of the hoard. Does this mean
that they are mindful of the passage of time, and that they may have
some idea of when the food was stored?

Nicola S. Clayton of the University of California at Davis,
California, and Anthony Dickinson of the University of Cambridge, UK,
believe that food-caching scrub jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) are
indeed able to remember not only the location and content of their
food caches, but also when they put them there.

The researchers took advantage of the birds’ habit of retrieving their
favourite food first. One favoured item is the wax worm, but only when
the worms are fresh. The worms soon decay and become unpalatable. Over
time, cached wax worms are demoted from the most favoured item to the
least favoured. The tendency to retrieve the worms, as opposed to
relatively non-perishable peanuts, should vary depending on the time
since the worms were cached.

This is what Clayton and Dickinson saw happening. After a matter of
hours since caching, the worms were prize pickings, but after five
days, the birds headed to where they remembered storing peanuts
instead. “The recovery preference of jays demonstrates memory of where
and when particular food items were cached, thereby fulfilling the
behavioural criteria for episodic-like memory in non-human animals,”
explain the researchers.

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