Re: Abbas's PA shows what savages these "moderates" still are.

On Apr 30, 7:41 am, "B.H. Cramer" <Iamhre@them'oment.bizz> wrote:
"jgarbuz" <jgar...@xxxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message

news:99596ddb-e511-491e-9caf-cf1f0c099370@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Abbas's PA Sentences Man to Death for Fighting Terrorism
by Nissan Ratzlav-Katz

A Palestinian Authority court in the city of Hevron sentenced a 25-
year-old man to death Monday for giving Israel information that led to
the elimination of four terrorists.

Terrorists my arse.

The man is a traitor to his own people, garbageguz.

An Arab Pollard.<

espionage
(redirected from Esbionage)
Also found in: Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Hutchinson 0.01 sec.

The act of securing information of a military or political nature that
a competing nation holds secret. It can involve the analysis of
diplomatic reports, publications, statistics, and broadcasts, as well
as spying, a clandestine activity carried out by an individual or
individuals working under secret identity to gather classified
information on behalf of another entity or nation. In the United
States, the organization that heads most activities dedicated to
espionage is the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).

Espionage, commonly known as spying, is the practice of secretly
gathering information about a foreign government or a competing
industry, with the purpose of placing one's own government or
corporation at some strategic or financial advantage. Federal law
prohibits espionage when it jeopardizes the national defense or
benefits a foreign nation (18 U.S.C.A. § 793). Criminal espionage
involves betraying U.S. government secrets to other nations.

Despite its illegal status, espionage is commonplace. Through much of
the twentieth century, international agreements implicitly accepted
espionage as a natural political activity. This gathering of
intelligence benefited competing nations that wished to stay one step
ahead of each other. The general public never hears of espionage
activities that are carried out correctly. However, espionage blunders
can receive national attention, jeopardizing the security of the
nation and the lives of individuals.

Espionage is unlikely to disappear. Since the late nineteenth century,
nations have allowed each other to station so-called military attachés
in their overseas embassies. These "attachés" collect intelligence
secrets about the armed forces of their host country. Attachés have
worked toward the subversion of governments, the destabilization of
economies, and the assassination of declared enemies. Many of these
activities remain secret in order to protect national interests and
reputations.

The centerpiece of U.S. espionage is the CIA, created by the National
Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C.A. § 402 et seq.) to conduct covert
activity. The CIA protects national security interests by spying on
foreign governments. The CIA also attempts to recruit foreign agents
to work on behalf of U.S. interests. Other nations do the same,
seeking to recruit CIA agents or others who will betray sensitive
information. Sometimes a foreign power is successful in procuring U.S.
government secrets.

One of the most damaging instances of criminal espionage in U.S.
history was uncovered in the late 1980s with the exposure of the
Walker spy ring, which operated from 1967 to 1985. John A. Walker Jr.
and his son, Michael L. Walker, brother, Arthur J. Walker, and friend,
Jerry A. Whitworth, supplied the Soviets with confidential U.S. data
including codes from the U.S. Navy that allowed the Soviets to
decipher over a million Navy messages. The Walker ring also sold the
Soviets classified material concerning Yuri Andropov, secretary
general of the Communist party until 1984; the Soviet shooting of a
Korean Airlines jet in 1983; and U.S. offensives during the Vietnam
War.

John Walker pleaded guilty to three counts of espionage. He claimed
that he had become an undercover informant for the thrill of it,
rather than for the money. He was sentenced to a life term in federal
prison, with eligibility for Parole in ten years. Michael Walker
pleaded guilty to aiding in the supply of classified documents to the
Soviets. He was able to reach a plea bargain under which he was
sentenced to twenty-five years in prison. Arthur Walker was convicted
of espionage in Norfolk, Virginia. His conviction was affirmed in
United States v. Walker, 796 F.2d 43 (4th Cir. 1986). Like John
Walker, he was sentenced to a life term in federal prison. Jerry
Whitworth received a sentence of 365 years for stealing and selling
Navy coding secrets (upheld in United States v. Whitworth, 856 F.2d
1268 [9th Cir. 1988]).

The ring's ample opportunity to exploit the lax security of the Navy
left a legacy of damage. The armed forces frantically scrapped and
rebuilt their entire communications system, at a cost to taxpayers of
nearly $1 billion. The U.S. department of defense (DOD) had to
withdraw security clearances from approximately 2 million military and
civilian personnel worldwide. The DOD also reduced the number of
classified documents in order to limit the number of remaining
security clearances.

These reforms only addressed the tip of larger, underlying problems.
The exploits of Aldrich Hazen Ames brought security problems within
the CIA to the fore. As a double agent, Ames sold secrets to Moscow
from 1985 to the end of the Cold War and beyond. As a CIA agent and
later a CIA official, Ames was responsible for, among other things,
recruiting Soviet officials to do undercover work for the United
States. His position put him in contact with Soviet officials at their
embassy in Washington, D.C. While in the embassy, he discussed secret
matters related to U.S. intelligence. The CIA's lack of security
measures, which usually consisted of no more than the collection of
questionable lie detector data, gave Ames the opportunity to illegally
acquire a fortune.

In 1986, the CIA suspected the presence of a mole (a double agent with
the objective of rising to a key position) in the system.
Investigators could not be certain of the mole's identity but
determined that something in their operations had gone awry. Two
officers at the Soviet Embassy who had been recruited as double agents
by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) had been recalled to
Moscow, arrested, tried, and executed. Years later, a major blunder on
Ames's part led the CIA to suspect him of leaking information that may
have contributed to the death of the agents. Ames had told his
superiors in October 1992 that he was going to visit his mother-in-law
in Colombia. He actually went to Venezuela, where he met a Soviet
contact. His travels were under surveillance, and the CIA took note of
the discrepancy.

By May 1993, Ames had become the focus of a criminal investigation
dubbed Nightmover. Investigators found that Ames's continued activity
with the Soviets had led to the execution of at least ten more agents.
Ames's continuing financial struggle necessitated that he continue to
sell secrets. While criminal espionage brought him more than $2.5
million from the Kremlin, Ames's carelessness with the money led to
his demise. According to court documents, Ames and his wife spent
nearly $1.4 million from April 1985 to November 1993. Ames's annual
CIA salary never exceeded $70,000.

When Ames pleaded guilty on April 28, 1994, to a two-count criminal
indictment for espionage and Tax Evasion, government prosecutors
sought to negotiate the plea to avoid a long trial. A trial, they
feared, could force intelligence agencies to disclose secrets about
the Ames case, which had already embarrassed the CIA. Escaping the
ordeal of a drawn-out trial, Ames was sentenced to life in prison.

As a result of the Ames case, the CIA made a number of changes,
including requiring CIA employees to make annual financial disclosures
and tightening the requirements for top security clearance.

Several espionage cases since the 1980s have caused the United States
additional embarrassment. In 1985, Jonathan Pollard, an American Jew,
was arrested for spying for Israel. Pollard served as an intelligence-
research specialist for the Navy's Field Operational Intelligence
Office during the 1980s. He provided Israel with about 360 cubic feet
of documentation in exchange for about $50,000 in cash. He was
eventually arrested by U.S. officials, and, in 1987, pleaded guilty to
spying on the United States. Pollard claimed that his actions were
acceptable because Israel was an ally and because the Israeli agent
with whom he exchanged documents already received sensitive
information from the United States. Nevertheless, Pollard received a
life sentence.

Pollard in 1995 was granted Israeli citizenship while he continued to
serve in a U.S. prison. In 1998, then President William Jefferson
Clinton committed a potential blunder when he agreed upon the request
of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to review Pollard's case.
The promise sparked a heated debate in the United States among
analysts. Clinton was able to avoid the issue when Netanyahu was
replaced as prime minister in 1999.

Another incident in late 1999 also caused embarrassment to the Clinton
administration. In December of that year, 60 year-old Wen Ho Lee was
arrested and charged with mishandling classified nuclear secrets at
Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. The charge followed
months of controversial investigations by the FBI and the u.s. justice
department into what some government officials believed was a spy
operation supported by China. Considered a security risk, Lee was
placed, by the government, in guarded solitary confinement for nine
months in a Santa Fe, New Mexico, county jail cell with no opportunity
to raise the $1 million bail. Lee was held on 59 counts of illegally
copying design secrets as well as destroying seven tapes, to which his
plea was not guilty. The government then offered Lee a plea bargain if
he pleaded guilty to one count of downloading classified data to a non-
secure computer. Lee finally agreed to plead guilty to this minor
felony charge. As part of the plea bargain, Lee was also required to
provide detailed information as to what happened to the tapes.

The Justice Department soon came under fire for its treatment of Lee.
U.S. District Judge James A. Parker, the presiding federal judge in
New Mexico who had been assigned the case, questioned why the
government had chosen not to pursue a voluntary Polygraph test or
allow Lee to make statements about why he had downloaded such
sensitive material onto an unsecured computer or destroyed certain
tapes. Even President Clinton, who had appointed then-Attorney General
Janet Reno, disagreed with her about Lee being denied bail for so
long. Both Clinton and Parker agreed that if these things were
provided, the previous nine months would have been much less taxing
for Lee.

The FBI endured yet another humiliating incident in 2001 with the
arrest of a high-ranking counterintelligence officer for the bureau,
Robert Hanssen. Hanssen received hundreds of thousands of dollars in
cash and diamonds from Russia in exchange for U.S. secrets. U.S.
officials indicated that Hanssen's spying reached a peak during the
1980s, and his actions caused the deaths of at least three American
spies overseas. According to the federal prosecutor in the case,
Hanssen used the United States' "most critical secrets" as "personal
merchandise." A U.S. district judge in 2002 sentenced Hanssen to life
in prison.

Further readings

Adams, James. 1994. The New Spies. London: Hutchinson.

Doyle, David W. 2001. True Men and Traitors: From the OSS to the CIA,
My Life in the Shadows. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Gerolymatos, Andre. 1986. Espionage and Treason. Amsterdam: Gieben.

Hartman, John D. 1993. Legal Guidelines for Covert Surveillance
Operations in the Private Sector. Boston: Butter-worth-Heinemann.

Loundy, David J. 2003. Computer Crime, Information Warfare, and
Economic Espionage. Durham, N.C.: Carolina Academic Press.

Udell, Gilman G. 1971. Laws Relating to Espionage, Sabotage, Etc.
Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. 1995.
Legislative Proposals Relating to Counterintelligence: Hearing before
the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence House of
Representatives. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.

Volkman, Ernest. 1995. Espionage. New York: Wiley.

——. 1994. Spies. New York: Wiley.
Cross-references

Central Intelligence Agency; Federal Bureau of Investigation; Hiss,
Alger; Justice Department; Rosenbergs Trial.
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2. Copyright 2008 The
Gale Group, Inc. All rights reserved.

espionage n. the crime of spying on the Federal government and/or
transferring state secrets on behalf of a foreign country. The other
country need not be an "enemy," so espionage may not be treason, which
involves aiding an enemy. (See: treason, sedition)
Copyright © 1981-2005 by Gerald N. Hill and Kathleen T. Hill. All
Right reserved.
.