La trampa del Narcotrafico
- From: <T.Schmidt.Teddy@xxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Mon, 23 Aug 2010 12:36:57 -0600
Tienes razón. El peo fue despues de 1980. Ya Reagan había entrado en
contacto con los narcos colombianos (Escobar y Uribe padre). Pero el
narcotráfcio comenzó antes, en tiempos del aleman Nixon.
T.Schmidt
From: <T.Schmidt.Teddy@xxxxxxxxx>
Subject: Re: La trampa del Narcotrafico - Los Castros
Date: August 23, 2010 11:28 AM
Si era general y salio corriendo en 1960 es porque era batistiano.
T.Schmdt
"PL" <pl.nospam@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:UPxco.169552$6C1.1010@xxxxxxxxxxxx
On 23/08/2010 18:56, T.Schmidt.Teddy@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
Si lo dices tu,
Lo dicen generales del ejercito Cubano viejo mamaguebo racista antisemita
Teddy schmidt
EL "CARTEL DE LA HABANA"
Por Carlos J. Bringuier
Cuando salí de Cuba el 4 de Mayo de 1960 dejé vacante mi cargo de
Oficial (Secretario Suplente) en el Juzgado de Instrucción de la
Sección
Quinta de La Habana. Mi experiencia me enseñaba que el problema de la
droga en Cuba siempre había sido un problema sin mayores consecuencias
ya que tanto los expendedores como los usuarios eran el estiércol de
la
sociedad.
Al llegar a la Argentina, ya como exiliado político, comprobé que en
ese
país la droga no era tampoco un gran problema social. Anteriormente
había visitado Guatemala donde la experiencia era la misma.
Hoy, 46 años después, nos encontramos un continente semi devastado por
el uso de la droga. Puede decirse que no hay una sola familia que no
sufra el caso de ver a un ser querido destrozado por el uso de las
drogas.
Por eso, sabiendo yo cómo se había originado este desenlace fatal no
me
sorprendieron las recientes declaraciones del Teniente General Rumano,
Ion Mihai Pacepa.
Recuerdo que a principios de la década de los años 1960's existía un
periódico pro comunista en Nueva Orleans titulado "NOLA Express"
publicado por Bob Head quien en el titular le pedía a Fidel Castro que
legalizara el uso de la marihuana en Cuba. Conversando con Bob Head le
dije que no perdiera el tiempo que Castro no iba a legalizar el uso de
la mariguana en Cuba, que lo que Castro iba a ser era cultivarla para
invadir con ella a los Estados Unidos y destruir a este país.
El Teniente General Rumano Ion Mihai Pacepa nos dice ahora que eso
exactamente fue lo que planearon Ceausescu y Raúl Castro en una visita
del Dictador Rumano a La Habana en 1972.
Ya desde la década de los 1960's Cuba había entrado en el negocio de
la
droga. En esa fatídica década comenzó a irradiarse el veneno hacia el
continente americano. Tan pronto Castro inició su lucha
internacionalista con las guerrillas Colombianas, se establecieron los
contactos para enviarles barcos cargados de armas que los guerrilleros
pagaban con droga que regresaba a Cuba en esos propios barcos. Desde
Cuba el gobierno de Fidel Castro se encargaba de hacerla llegar a los
Estados Unidos.
Dicen que no hay peor ciego que el que no quiere ver (claro que la
corrupción y la complicidad también conducen a la ceguera). Hay
numerosos ejemplos de cómo los hermanos Castro crearon el Cartel de La
Habana. Ahí está el caso de Reynaldo Ruiz y su hijo Rubén. Reynaldo
Ruiz
tenía conexiones en Cuba por intermedio de un pariente, Miguel Ruiz,
quien era Capitán del Ministerio del Interior.
De acuerdo con lo declarado por Reynaldo Ruiz él viajaba a Cuba en un
bote desde la Florida llegando hasta Varadero donde esperaba a su hijo
Rubén que se encontraba en Colombia. Su hijo volaba de Colombia a
Varadero en un avión cargado con cocaína, un Coronel de la Fuerza
Aérea
de Cuba autorizaba el vuelo de Rubén a Cuba. Rubén aterrizó en
Varadero
y parecía como que su vuelo era una cosa rutinaria y le daban un
suculento almuerzo mientras que militares cubanos descargaban la
cocaína
y la pasaban al bote de Reynaldo. Ya con el bote cargado, un
guardacosta
cubano los escoltaba hasta alta mar.
Reynaldo Ruiz y su hijo fueron arrestados en Miami en 1988. Como el
contubernio de los hermanos Castro con la mafia de la droga estaba por
descubrirse, el gobierno de Castro negó las acusaciones y procedió a
buscar chivos expiatorios. Posteriormente fueron arrestados Arnaldo
Ochoa ( Héroe de la Revolución), Tony de La Guardia (amigo personal de
Fidel Castro), el Capitán Miguel Ruiz (el pariente de Reynaldo Ruiz),
así como otras 11 personas que fueron sometidas a juicio sumario.
Cuando
durante su declaración el Capitán Miguel Ruiz dijo que tenía la
impresión de que la operación de drogas estaba aprobada al "Máximo
nivel" el Fiscal Juan Escalona pidió suspender el juicio por unos
minutos ya que según Escalona el acusado se encontraba muy nervioso.
El
Capitán Miguel Ruiz no regresó a continuar su declaración.
Anteriormente los aviones cargados de drogas procedentes de Colombia
tenían que pasar sobre el espacio aéreo cubano y ninguno de esos
aviones
fueron derribados como el avión de los Hermanos al Rescate. Los
carteles
de la droga obtenían con anticipación, previo pago, autorización del
gobierno de Castro para volar sobre el espacio aéreo necesario para
descargar su mortífera carga sobre las Bahamas.
Otro involucrado en este contrabando resultó ser George Morales quien
testificó en Washington que él participó en el trasiego de drogas a
través de Cuba. Morales testificó que eso ocurrió desde 1980 hasta
1986.
Jack Blum era el Fiscal Especial del Senado (1987-1989). El principal
testigo fué José Blandón, ex-ayudante de Manuel Noriega quien declaró
haber atendido reuniones en Cuba con Fidel Castro, presentando
fotografías para demostrarlo.
Blandón aseguró que los cubanos estaban envueltos en el tráfico de
drogas y que los motivos de Castro "son políticos". Blandón acusó a
Cuba
de trasegar drogas a través de Nicaragua y Panamá además de Colombia y
que todo estaba dirigido por el Departamento América del gobierno
cubano
y auspiciado por Fidel Castro. El Departamento América había sido
creado
en 1974 y Manuel Piñeiro Losada se encargó de dirigirlo.
A mediados de la década de los 1970's Castro intensificó su
participación con los carteles de Colombia y el Departamento América
envió a uno de sus mejores agentes a Colombia. Fernando Ravelo Renedo
fue nombrado Embajador de Cuba en Colombia.
Mientras tanto las guerrillas colombianas del M19 recibían
entrenamiento
y armamentos de Cuba. Ravelo enfatizó que era necesario que usaran
drogas para financiar su revolución. Cuba, a cambio, continuaría
suministrándoles armas.
En 1979 Ravelo asistió a un "wild party" en el Hotel Hilton de Bogotá,
Colombia. Entre los asistentes estaban varios capos de los carteles de
la droga entre ellos Johnny Crump. Posteriormente llegaron a un
acuerdo
por el cual se enviarían botes con drogas hasta aguas cubanas los que
permanecerían en dichas aguas hasta que llegaran las lanchas rápidas
provenientes de la Florida las que se ocuparían de introducir las
drogas
en los Estados Unidos. Ravelo hizo claro que mientras estuvieran en
aguas cubanas los botes provenientes de Colombia tendrían toda la
protección necesaria proporcionada por el gobierno de Cuba.
Posteriormente Johnny Crump y el Embajador Ravelo volvieron a reunirse
en Panamá. Johnny Crump entonces viajó a La Habana para finalizar el
trato de los envíos de drogas. Al llegar a La Habana no tuvo que
mostrar
su pasaporte y montó al auto que lo esperaba. Crump estuvo hospedado
en
el Hotel "Habana Libre" con todos los gastos pagados por el gobierno
de
Castro. Asistió a distintas reuniones, entre ellas, con René Rodríguez
Cruz, miembro del Comité Central del Gobierno de Cuba y amigo de Fidel
Castro.
Cuando el bote enviado por Crimp arribó a Cuba fue recibido por un
guarda costa Cubano en el que se encontraba el Vice Almirante de la
Marina de Guerra de Cuba Aldo Santamaría Cuadrado.
En Miami, el Fiscal Richard Gregory en el juicio de Crump también
procesó a Aldo Santamaría Cuadrado, René Rodríguez Cruz, Fernando
Ravelo
y a un asesor de Ravelo. Ravelo y su asesor fueron nombrados por Cuba
como Embajadores en Nicaragua y Panamá.
En 1982 uno de los capos de la droga se estableció en Cuba en la
Marina
Hemingway. En 1989 Robert Vesco fue procesado en los Estados Unidos
por
traficar 1 tonelada de cocaína desde Cuba. Otro visitante de la isla
de
Cuba era Carlos Lehder-Rivas quien sostuvo reuniones con Robert Vesco
y
estuvo en Cuba por un período de 6 meses. Carlos Lehder-Rivas
posteriormente fue condenado en Estados Unidos por tráfico de drogas y
declaró que sin el permiso de Fidel Castro él nunca hubiera podido
arribar a Cuba. Hoy Lehder-Rivas cumple condena de "vida entera + 134
años de cárcel".
Un antiguo oficial de Inteligencia del gobierno de Cuba, Manuel de
Beunsa ha declarado que estuvo presente en una reunión con Fidel
Castro
y el General José Abrantes Fernandes en la que se discutió el tráfico
de
drogas y en la que Fidel Castro ordenó la creación de 2 compañías en
Panamá para utilizarlas en el tráfico de drogas. Las dos compañías en
cuestión se abrieron con los nombres de "Caribbean Happy Line, S.A." y
"Mercurio, S.A.". Otro antiguo Oficial de Inteligencia de Cuba, Juan
Antonio Rodríguez Menier, corroboró esas actividades. El General de
Aviación de Cuba, Rafael del Pino ha declarado que para permitir el
vuelo de los aviones traficantes de drogas se necesitaba el permiso
del
Ministro de Defensa Raúl Castro Ruz y que él (el General Del Pino)
recibió esas órdenes en distintas oportunidades de la oficina de Raúl
Castro y de la oficina del General José Abrantes Fernandes.
Ahora el General Rumano Pacepa saca a la luz que en la reunión de 1972
en La Habana: "los hermanos Castro y Ceausescu pusieron los cimientos
de
un acuerdo bilateral sobre las drogas. Ellos querían inundar al mundo
con drogas. 'Las drogas pueden hacerle más daño al imperialismo que
las
bombas atómicas' expresó Fidel. 'Las drogas pueden destruir al
capitalismo desde adentro' puntualizó Raúl.
Hoy vemos a unos Estados Unidos de América con varias generaciones
consumidas por la droga. Hoy vemos a una Argentina, otrora faro de
intelectualidad, con una juventud descerebrada por la droga que es
incapaz de obtener calificaciones suficientes para avanzar mientras
hay
Jueces que piden la legalización de las drogas y el gobierno permite
un
verdadero genocidio del pueblo sano que no quiere sucumbir ante la
agresión comunista. Hoy vemos a países como El Salvador y Honduras
impotentes ante una criminalidad que ha convertido, por medio de las
drogas, a una juventud en verdaderas bestias humanas.
Cuando un Gran Jurado Federal en Miami estuvo dispuesto a procesar a
Raúl Castro por su participación en el tráfico de drogas hacia los
Estados Unidos dicen que el Presidente Bill Clinton y la Fiscal
General
Janet Reno lo impidieron. Como en el caso del asesinato del Presidente
John F. Kennedy a manos de un agente de Fidel Castro no ha habido ni
inteligencia ni lo que hace falta que tengan los hombres para
enjuiciar
a Fidel y a Raúl Castro. Sean Demócratas o Republicanos la estupidez
es
Reina.
http://www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org/oagcb025-el-cartel-de-la-habana...
El testimonio de un General Cubano
Cuba and Cocaine:
Original Air Date: February 5, 1991
Written, Produced, and Directed by Stephanie Tepper and William Cran
Gen. del PINO:
Several times I received orders from Raul Castro's office and also
from
General Abrantes's office to let the airplane cross over Cuba.
Mr. de BEUNZA:
[through interpreter] Perez Betancourt told me that Aldo Santamaria
was
involved in drug trafficking. He said Aldo was following Fidel and
Raul's
orders but he was doing it reluctantly whereas he, Perez Betancourt,
say
that if he were the boss of the navy, he would be happy to do it
because
they were Fidel's orders, and that surprised me.
Mr. LLOVIO-MENENDEZ:
Tony de la Guardia knew that Fidel was involved in drug trafficking.
He was
the only living witness except perhaps Raul Castro and Abrantes who
knew
that Fidel was involved in drug trafficking. Fidel had to get rid of
him.
Note: video available at the site
http://media.pbs.org/ramgen/wgbh/pages/frontline/1902/cubacoca.rm
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/archive/cubaandco...
CUBA
Ex-agent: Escobar met Cuban officials in '89
A former Cuban intelligence officer said a Colombian drug kingpin was
in
Cuba in 1989 to meet with military officials.
Posted on Wed, Mar. 12, 2008
BY WILFREDO CANCIO ISLA
El Nuevo Herald
Colombian drug kingpin Pablo Escobar was in Cuba in 1989 to meet with
Cuban military officials, according to a former intelligence officer
who
escaped the island with his family to the United States.
''Pablo Escobar was at my family's home in Havana on Feb. 22, 1989,
and
he took flowers to my mother as a gift because that day she was
celebrating her birthday,'' said Daniel Abierno Govín, a former first
lieutenant for Cuba's Interior Ministry, known as MININT.
Abierno, 50, told El Nuevo Herald that the meeting with the head of
the
Medellín cartel took place at his parents' home in the El Vedado
neighborhood of Havana.
SAW HIM ONCE
''I saw him only once there and I can't say if he was in Cuba on other
occasions, but I can assure you that he was at my house that day,''
stressed Abierno, who worked for MININT for 20 years.
``They presented him as a friend of my sister, Rosa María, and later I
learned who he was.''
Abierno's sister, Rosa María Abierno Govín, was a captain in the Cuban
intelligence agency and the only woman included in the 1989 case
against
Gen. Arnaldo Ochoa and other high-ranking Cuban officials. She
received
a 30-year sentence, charged with bringing cocaine to the island
through
computer shipments.
She was released in 1994 and died of cancer barely three months later.
''In Cuba those who had contact with Escobar are either in prison or
dead,'' Abierno said. ``No one who had a relationship with him
[Escobar]
can easily leave from there.''
MISSILES BUY
Escobar's visit -- he was killed by security forces in Medellín in
December 1993 -- took place to negotiate directly with Ochoa to buy
land-to-air missiles. But the deal fell through after Ochoa and his
collaborators were detained and tried in June 1989.
Ochoa made the first contacts with Colombian narcotraffickers between
October and November of 1986. He was helped by Capt. Jorge Martínez,
who
was able to meet with a representative of the Medellín cartel,
according
to details in the Cuba trial against Ochoa.
In May 1988, Martínez traveled to Colombia with a false passport to
meet
with Escobar under strict security. Both agreed that the price for
shipping the drug to the United States through Cuba would be $1,200
per
kilo of cocaine.
Ochoa and Martínez were killed by firing squad, along with Col.
Antonio
de la Guardia and Maj. Amado Padrón.
Abierno told El Nuevo Herald that the case that involved his sister
resulted ''in a hard blow for the rest of my life'' and marked the
beginning of his dislike for Fidel Castro's regime.
During the trial, his father, Bienvenido Abierno Rodríguez, died of a
thrombosis at age 72, and then his mother, Eugenia Govín Pérez, died
at
age 63 from a diabetic crisis.
''My parents couldn't bear my sister's trial,'' he said. ``And Rosa
María's death left a lot of suspicion, because her health was
ironclad.''
TV PROGRAM
On Tuesday, Abierno appeared on the program A Mano Limpia on Channel
41-AmericaTeVe, where he recounted his memories. The ex-official
escaped
Cuba in a boat with his family on August 13, 2005, and was caught at
sea. He remained at the Guantánamo base for seven months, where he
said
he was interviewed by various CIA officials. In March 2006, he was
sent
to live in Kentucky.
At the end of last year, he moved to South Florida, where he now
lives.
http://www.miamiherald.com/news/miami_dade/story/453206.html
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/CubaVerdad/message/36717
Drug Trafficking, Criminal Activities and Money Laundering
The involvement of high-ranking Cuban government officials
in
international drug trafficking under the orders or with the knowledge
and acquiescence of the Castro brothers has been long known.
Consistent
reports abound from former regime insiders, members of Colombian and
Mexican drug cartels, from intelligence officials of the former Soviet
Union and its satellites, and from journalists, governments, and even
world leaders including the Presidents of the United States and
Colombia. In fact, four high-ranking Cuban officials have been
indicted
in the United States on drug charges. In addition, there are
plentiful
reports of the links between Fidel Castro and Robert Vesco in money
laundering and drug trafficking activities. Vesco, a fugitive from
U.S.
justice, lived in luxury and with the protection of the Cuban leader
since 1980, but fell in disgrace in 1995 and was sentenced to thirteen
years in prison, which he is serving on the island.
Juan Antonio Rodr guez Mernier, a former Cuban Intelligence
Mayor who
obtained political asylum in the United States in 1987, has written
about the drug trafficking and criminal activities with
terrorist-guerrilla networks of Cuba's intelligence apparatus. He
claims that in the 1970s the de la Guardia brothers, heavily into
international terrorist, subversive, and criminal activities,
convinced
then Interior Minister Abrahantes to persuade Fidel of the benefits of
cooperating with international drug traffickers. Fidel's approval was
won with the argument that it would not only weaken the United States,
but also bring in funds for international subversive activities and
hard
currency for Cuba. Rodr guez Mernier relates that drug trafficking
became a substantial source of hard currency revenue for Fidel Castro.
Major Florentino Aspillaga explains that millions of dollars in
cash
delivered by Cuban intelligence agents to Castro were to be deposited
in
his Swiss bank accounts "in order to finance liberation movements."
Cuban Air Force Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, the
highest-ranking
defector from Cuba's Armed Forces, describes how during his command
small planes carrying drugs were systematically and in large numbers
given free reign of Cuban airspace. Del Pino also provides details
on
how Cuban radar and air-traffic control installations make it
impossible
for such missions to fly undetected. For his part, former Cuban
Intelligence Major Florentino Aspillaga also confirms the long-term
personal involvement of the Castro brothers in the drug trade. Just
like the others, he explains that it would be impossible for these
operations to be carried out without the personal approval of Fidel.
Cuba has been a sort of clearinghouse for international
terrorist and
subversive activities, for which Castro seems to have considerable
funding discretion. Subversive groups from Latin America and the
Middle
East have routinely delivered funds for Castro's reserves with the
proceeds of bank robberies, kidnappings, robberies, contraband, and
other criminal activities that Cuba has planned, coordinated or in
which
Cuba had some participation. These, together with operations to
eliminate opponents overseas by way of assassination, were carried out
under the command of twins Antonio and Patricio de la Guardia, first
by
the MC Department and, subsequently, by the M-Z departments of the
latter CIMEX.
Norberto Fuentes, the Revolution's former author and a
member
of the
Castro brother's inner circle, has provided a wealth of information on
drug, money laundering, robberies perpetrated by Cuban agents or
coordinated by Cuba with full knowledge and direction from Fidel
Castro.
He gives ample detail on the criminal activities of terrorist
groups
that have netted Cuba millions of dollars to sustain the Castro regime
and finance international terrorism, subversion, and "liberation
movements." According to Fuentes, an operation conducted with the
Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine resulted in a booty
of
one billion dollar from bank robberies in Lebanon during the 1975-76
civil war there. Cuban agents Alfredo Sugve del Rosario and
Filiberto
Cati eiras (known as "Felo") headed the small Cuban team that
transported the treasure to Cuba gold bars, jewelry, gems, and museum
pieces. The fortune was dispatched in diplomatic pouches, each carried
by two Cuban agents during 28 successive days via air
Beirut-Moscow-Havana. Castro personally greeted Sugve and Cati eiras
upon their arrival on the last flight of the transfer, declaring them
"heroes." Fuentes reports that the treasure was displayed in eleven
tables set up inside vaults, where Castro took members of the
Political
Bureau for viewings. The whereabouts of the treasure are unknown.
Jorge Masetti's compelling autobiography describes his
participation in
drug trafficking, counterfeiting, kidnappings, bank robberies, and
other
criminal and terrorist operations in Latin America on Cuba's behalf
under Manuel Pi eiro and the Americas Department. Among many
accounts,
Masetti describes Cuba's role in a Puerto Rican terrorist group's bank
robbery in Connecticut and the delivery of the booty to Cuba.
Likewise, former Interior Ministry Colonel Filiberto Cati eiras,
"Felo,"
was involved in the transfer to Cuba of US$46 million of ransom
obtained
by the Argentine terrorist group Montoneros for the release of two
brothers of a very wealthy family, Juan and Jorge Born. He reports
that
Cuban agents were ordereded to launder the ransom, which was later
deposited in banks of the former Czechoslovakia. He also tells of
having taken "Pepe" (Mario) Firmenich, leader of the Montoneros, to
meet
Yasser Arafat in Lebanon.
Castro's efforts to diffuse mounting evidence of his
involvement in
drug trafficking is said to be behind what is known as "the Ochoa
affair." By many accounts, the 1989 internal purge was unleashed by
the
Castro brothers on high-ranking members of the regime to conveniently
use them as scapegoats at a time when the U.S. had irrefutable
evidence
of Cuba's role in the drug trade. Decorated Cuban General Arnaldo
Ochoa,
the de la Guardia brothers, Interior Minister Abrahantes, and many top
government officials at the Interior Ministry and Armed Forces where
executed or imprisoned for alleged drug trafficking and embezzlement
of
state funds. Reportedly, Castro had found an expedient way to deflect
responsibility because Ochoa, who was very popular, and the others had
become too cocky and empowered and were grumbling for perestroika and
glasnost following the reforms in the former Soviet Union. Yet,
defectors consistently report that Fidel and Raul were the ones
directing the drug trade. Ileana de la Guardia testified before the
U.S. Congress in 1999 that her father -Tony de la Guardia, who was
executed- had told her that Fidel Castro had several bank accounts to
which proceeds of drug trafficking operations were sent.
Money-laundering comes up repeatedly in the accounts of
former
regime
insiders. Jes s Marzo Fern ndez sustains that the business enterprises
under Castro's control, aside from providing him revenues, also serve
to
launder drug money. Rodr guez Mernier relates how former Panamanian
strongman, Manuel Noriega, would meet with Castro to discuss
money-laundering solutions for drug monies. Manuel de Beunza claims
that monies obtained by Cuba from drug trafficking were laundered
through Swiss banks by way of delivering old U.S. dollar bills in
exchange for credits to bank accounts held by Cuba. Former agent
Otto
claims that there were people in the Intelligence Department of the
Interior Ministry specifically responsible for delivering money in
cash
overseas. Cuban Intelligence, he asserts, "uses its own diplomatic
currier system for this and other deliveries. The curriers don't even
know what is in the suitcases they are sealed."
The money-laundering question was recently fueled by a May
2004
US $100
million fine imposed on UBS -Union of Banques Suisses Investment Bank-
of Switzerland by the New York Federal Reserve. The fine was announced
in conjunction with the Swiss Federal Banking Commission and was
imposed
for violating the terms of an agreement to act as repository of U.S.
banknotes, as per the Extended Custodial Inventory Program (ECIP)).
This program allowed foreign and U.S.-owned banks that contracted with
the New York Federal Reserve Bank to be repositories of large
inventories of new U.S. bank notes in order to remove old bills in
circulation. UBS had been caught buying and selling U.S. dollars to
countries under U.S. sanctions Iran, Libya, Yugoslavia, and Cuba- and
filing fraudulent reports to conceal this activity. The transactions
with Cuba, totaling US$3.9 billion over a period of seven years, were
by
the largest by far. In essence, UBS had knowingly been accepting old
dollar bills from Cuba and, instead of exchanging them for new bills,
as
required, had been crediting accounts held by Cuba or unnamed sources
from Cuba and filing phony reports. Importantly, UBS has refused to
publicly reveal in whose name where the accounts controlled by Cuba,
alleging "client confidentiality." This is strange, as the obvious
holders of such accounts would be official entities of the Cuban
government -the Cuban Central Bank the most logical one.
A respected economist and expert in Cuban affairs, Ernesto
Betancourt,
states that "Cuba cannot justify 600 or 700 million dollars annually
in
cash through tourism income. The tourists - Canadians, Europeans and
Latin Americans- buy their travel packages with credit cards at travel
agencies." As a result, the largest portion of this income cannot be
cash. Remittances from abroad would also be insufficient to explain
the
large volume of cash. That money is usually sent via wire transfers,
not paper money, and only a portion of remittances are carried into
Cuba
as cash in violation of U.S. embargo limits. In addition, total
remittances are estimated between US$450 million and $800 million
annually and are mostly absorbed into the economy by way of the
Tiendas
de Recuperaci n de Divisas, state-owned stores that sell goods only in
dollars. A large percentage of the recovered dollars would be used to
purchase imports and would be reflected in official Balance of Payment
accounts.
In October 2004 the Financial Action Task Force, an
intergovernmental,
policy-making body whose purpose is to combat money laundering and
financing of terrorism, passed a new measure, Special Recommendation
IX,
that further tightened already important and binding regulations to
stop
cross-border movements of currency and monetary instruments related to
terrorist financing and money laundering and to confiscate such funds.
The Resolution also called for enhanced information sharing between
countries on the movement of illicit cash. Just one day later,
Cuba's
Central Bank issued Resolution No. 80 to end the free circulation of
dollars on the island. As of November 8, 2004, the convertible Cuban
peso, the Cuban currency that circulates internally and trades at par
with the dollar, was to be used for domestic operations and euros and
other hard currency were to replace the dollar in foreign exchange
operations. All entities in Cuba accepting payment in dollars would
only
accept the convertible peso and a ten percent surcharge would be
levied
on the purchase of convertible pesos using U.S. dollars (surcharge
that
would not be imposed on the purchase of convertible pesos with other
currencies).
As per the Cuban government resolution, the move came in
response to
new measures dictated by the U.S. government "directed at
systematically
hindering the flow of Cuba's external finances, which would provoke
grave damage and serious risks for our country. As part of this
policy,
the Bush administration has intensified pressure and threats on
foreign
banks to prevent the island from making deposits abroad " The Cuban
regime's reaction seemed extreme. Both Castro and Cuba's Central Bank
President denied accusations of money laundering as "colossal lies"
that
are "part of the U.S. imperialist campaign against Cuba." Castro
declared that the measures were the response to the "acts of banditry
of
the empire" and vented with particular anger in long public ratings
on
Cuban TV.
http://lanic.utexas.edu/project/asce/pdfs/volume15/pdfs/werlau.pdf
REVELACIONES SOBRE VÍNCULOS ENTRE LOS SANDINISTAS, EL GOBIERNO CUBANO
Y
EL NARCOTRÁFICO
Enlace al viedo:
http://www.miscelaneasdecuba.net/web/article.asp?artID=28056
Q es mentira. No eres nadie confiable.Un difamdor y
regiversador a sueldo. Podrías ganarte la vida como lobbyst de los
sionistas
T.Schmidt
El mentiroso eres tus viejo mamaguebo racista antisemita.
Lo dices tu mismo:
"Teddy Schmidt" aka "Herr SSchmidt", racista y antisemita aka "Señor
Pipí" sobre su credibilidad: (sus palabras)
- "soy viejo y me gusta decir mentiras"
http://groups.google.be/group/soc.culture.cuba/msg/7efb857d232a3ec8?hl=nl
- "Y ya he dicho como cien veces que chequeen lo que digo, que no
siempre la verdad es lo que digo"
http://groups.google.be/group/soc.culture.cuba/msg/2532e3cde9b17e51?dmode=3Dsource&hl=3Den
- "Tambien es bueno que recuerden que no soy un servicio informativo,
lo que digo a veces es mentira, por eso tienen que verificar."
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.cuba/msg/fabb58173745a32e?dmode=3Dsource
- "Mentiroso soy a veces, pero es facil descubrirme"
http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.cuba/msg/8a4fde90c34ba79b?dmode=3Dsource&hl=3Den
- "Yo no conozco a nadie, confundo animales con gente y viceversa, así
que en ese punto no me tomes en serio.
http://groups.google.es/group/soc.culture.venezuela/msg/511acf095035842e?hl=es
- "Ya dije que digo mentiras"
http://groups.google.be/group/soc.culture.colombia/msg/b144b20a01abe94a?hl=nl
.
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