Re: Most of Universe Composed of Magic Stuff;:search stsci-2003PAPER

SEARCH: COSMOLOGY STRUCTURES:NEW MODELLING
CARNEGIE SYMPOSIUM PAPER JAN 2003 BY ME AUTHOR- V. NANDURI
SEARCH:COSMIC POT ENERGY OF THE UNIVERSE- BY ME AUTHOR V. NANDURI
BOTH THE ABOVE PAPERS PROVIDE LINKS TO 12 GALACTIC GROUPS THAT GOVERN
MILKYWAY GALAXY AND MUCH MORE.
The Universe in 3 Tier covers Lower end Dark mode -say 1000 LY ,
Dynamic Mode- say
10^6 LY and Glow-Flow mode within 10^9 Light Years.
The detils are provided in my books. I am happy to see scientists are
confirming my approach.
http://in.geocities.com/vidyanand1941
Vidyardhi Nanduri
Cosmology Vedas


lorad474@xxxxxx wrote:
And you thought you knew what was real...
For educational purposes:

"Dark matter comes out of the cold By Jonathan Amos BBC News
science reporter

The British team used 23 nights of observing time on the VLT
Astronomers have for the first time put some real numbers on the
physical characteristics of dark matter.
This strange material that dominates the Universe but which is
invisible to current telescope technology is one of the great enigmas
of modern science.

That it exists is one of the few things on which researchers have been
certain.
But now an Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, team has at last been
able to place limits on how it is packed in space and measure its
"temperature".

"It's the first clue of what this stuff might be," said Professor Gerry
Gilmore. "For the first time ever, we're actually dealing with its
physics," he told the BBC News website.

Science understands a great deal about what it terms baryonic matter -
the "normal" matter which makes up the stars, planets and people - but
it has struggled to comprehend the main material from which the cosmos
is constructed.

'Magic volume'
Astronomers cannot detect dark matter directly because it emits no
light or radiation.
Its presence, though, can be inferred from the way galaxies rotate:
their stars move so fast they would fly apart if they were not being
held together by the gravitational attraction of some unseen material.

Such observations have established this dark material makes up about
80-85% of the Universe that is matter.

These are the first properties other than existence that we've been
able determine

Now, the Cambridge team has provided new information with its detailed
study of 12 dwarf galaxies that skirt the edge of our own Milky Way.

Using the biggest telescopes in the world, including the Very Large
Telescope facility in Chile, the group has made detailed 3D maps of the
galaxies, using the movement of their stars to "trace" the impression
of the dark matter among them and weigh it very precisely.

With the aid of 7,000 separate measurements, the researchers have been
able to establish that the galaxies contain about 400 times the amount
of dark matter as they do normal matter.

"The distribution of dark matter bears no relationship to anything you
will have read in the literature up to now," explained Professor
Gilmore.

If this 'temperature' for the dark matter is correct, then it has huge
implications for direct searches for these mysterious particles."

Prof Bob Nichol, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, Portsmouth,
says:

"It comes in a 'magic volume' which happens to correspond to an amount
which is 30 million times the mass of the Sun.

"It looks like you cannot ever pack it smaller than about 300 parsecs -
1,000 light-years; this stuff will not let you. That tells you a speed
actually - about 9km/s - at which the dark matter particles are moving
because they are moving too fast to be compressed into a smaller scale.
"These are the first properties other than existence that we've been
able determine."

Knowledge advance
The speed is a big surprise. Current theory had predicted dark matter
particles would be extremely cold, moving at a few millimetres per
second; but these observations prove the particles must actually be
quite warm (in cosmic terms) at 10,000 degrees.

The most likely candidate for dark matter material is the so-called
weakly interacting massive particle, or Wimp.
Future research in particle accelerators may yield more clues
Scientists believe these are relic particles produced in the Big Bang.

They are predicted by certain theoretical extensions to the accepted
description of matter and forces, the Standard Model of Fundamental
Particles and Interactions. But also their presence would go a long way
to explaining the structure and geometry of the Universe we observe.

Professor Bob Nichol, from the Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation
at the University of Portsmouth, described the Cambridge work as
"awesome".

"If this temperature for the dark matter is correct, then it has huge
implications for direct searches for these mysterious particles (it
seems [science] may be looking in the wrong place for them) and for how
we thought the galaxies and clusters of galaxies evolve in the
Universe.

"Having 'hotter' dark matter makes it harder to form the smallest
galaxies, but does help to make the largest structures. This result
will generate a lot of new research."

Big neighbours
Experimental crystal detectors placed down the bottom of deep mines are
hoping to record the passage through normal matter of these hard to
grasp dark matter particles.

Researchers would hope also that future experiments in particle
accelerators will give them greater insight into the physics of dark
matter.

Andromeda is no longer the heavyweight in the local Universe
The Cambridge efforts have produced an additional, independent result:
the detailed study of the dwarf galaxies has allowed the scientists to
weigh our own galaxy more precisely than ever before.

"It turns out the Milky Way is more massive than we thought," said
Professor Gilmore.

"It now looks as though the Milky Way is the biggest galaxy in the
local Universe, bigger even than Andromeda. It was thought until just a
few months ago that it was the other way around."

The Cambridge University team expects to submit the first of its
results to a leading astrophysics journal in the next few weeks."

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4679220.stm

.

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