Re: Navigation by the stars and the Perseids

Jack Linthicum <jacklinthicum@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

On Aug 15, 5:51 am, eugene@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Eugene Griessel) wrote:
Jack Linthicum <jacklinthi...@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:

Done on this site: Polynesians
Implied: Proto Indians from Siberia c13000 BC
Implied: Haplogroup X from Europe, someone had to get to the Americas
to create the Monte Verde, etc. pre end of the last Ice Age.

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haplogroup X
Time of origin unknown, approx. 30000 years ago
Place of origin Asia

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup X is a human mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup which can be used to define genetic
populations. The genetic sequences of haplogroup X diverged originally
from haplogroup N, and subsequently further diverged about 20,000 to
30,000 years ago to give two sub-groups, X1 and X2. Overall haplogroup
X accounts for about 2% of the population of Europe, the Near East and
North Africa. Sub-group X1 is much less numerous, and restricted to
North and East Africa, and also the Near East. Sub-group X2 appears to
have undergone extensive population expansion and dispersal around or
soon after the last glacial maximum, about 21,000 years ago. It is
more strongly present in the Near East, the Caucasus, and
Mediterranean Europe; and somewhat less strongly present in the rest
of Europe. Particular concentrations appear in Georgia (8%), the
Orkney Islands (7%) and amongst the Israeli Druze (26%); the latter
are presumably due to a founder effect.

North and South America

Haplogroup X is also one of the five haplogroups found in the
indigenous peoples of the Americas.[1] Although it occurs only at a
frequency of about 3% for the total current indigenous population of
the Americas, it is a major haplogroup in northeastern North America,
where among the Algonquian peoples it comprises up to 25% of mtDNA
types. It is also present in lesser percentages to the west and south
of this area -- in North America among the Sioux (15%), the Nuu-Chah-
Nulth (11%-13%), the Navajo (7%), and the Yakima (5%), and in South
America among the Yanomami people (12%) in eight villages in Roraima
in northwestern Brazil. <more>

And how does this interesting information point to a sailing anywhere?

Eugene L Griessel

In the beginning, there was nothing - but nothing is
unstable. And nothing borrowed nothing from nothing,
within the limits of uncertainty, and became something.
The rest is just math...
-- Paraphrased from Prof. Kim, Macalester College Physics Dept.

No body walked from Europe in 30,000 + BC, and it is probably paddled
not sailed


Why not? The Beringian landbridge existed for most of that time, even
if partly narrowed. There was a time between 30000 BP and 22000 BP
when there may have been a small straight to cross - but no epic sea
journey would have been involved.

What it all boils down to is evolution. You do not attempt a blue
water sailing on your log or dugout. But as your technologies evolve
and bigger and more able craft appear then longer voyages can be
undertaken - which could spot close (say 4-5 day sailings) lands.
After they are colonised and with experience your navigational skills
evolve, your craft evolve and longer and longer voyages become
possible. But it takes time. The Polynesians did not set forth from
New Guinea 4000 years ago to colonise Easter Island. Or even Tahiti.
The initially spread out over micronesia and only many centuries later
got to Hawaii and New Zealand and such far-flung outposts of their
spread.



Eugene L Griessel

Be warned that if you wish to build a society in which individuals
cooperate generously and unselfishly towards a common good, you can
expect little help from biological nature because we are born selfish.
- Richard Dawkins
.

Relevant Pages

  • Re: Navigation by the stars and the Perseids
    ... On Aug 15, 6:34 am, eugene@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Eugene Griessel) wrote: ... Haplogroup X from Europe, someone had to get to the Americas ... America among the Yanomami people in eight villages in Roraima ...
    (sci.military.naval)
  • Re: DNA analysis
    ... Paternal Ancient Ancestry Haplogroup R1b first arrived first arrived in Europe from West Asia during the Upper Paleolithic period at the beginning of the Aurignacian culture. ... The tree line at the height of the ice age extended as far south as southern France, northern Italy, the northern Balkans and across the Black Sea. ... Tycho is generally known by his first name. ...
    (soc.genealogy.britain)
  • Re: Navigation by the stars and the Perseids
    ... On Aug 15, 5:51 am, eugene@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Eugene Griessel) wrote: ... Haplogroup X from Europe, someone had to get to the Americas ...
    (sci.military.naval)
  • Re: Navigation by the stars and the Perseids
    ... On Aug 15, 1:18 am, eugene@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx (Eugene Griessel) wrote: ... Haplogroup X from Europe, someone had to get to the Americas ... North and South America ...
    (sci.military.naval)
  • Re: Back-migrations to Asia (attention: Gisele)
    ... >>The caveman belonged to 'lineage D', one of the five founding lineages ... >>believed to have settled in the Americas more than 10,000 years ago. ... Haplogroup A = .524 ... > the Cayapa were originally reported to have no D sequences but later ...
    (sci.anthropology.paleo)