Re: When is Spring Break this year?

Or, the short version taught in catechism classes: The first Sunday after
the first full moon after the 21st of March. (Simplified, but accurate)

"TheNewsGuy(Mike)" <tnguymNoSpamm@xxxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:cHFwf.2977$W03.290360@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
> k wrote:
> > Thanks, I guess I'll have to pass. How does Easter get figured out
anyhow?
> > Sometimes it's in March, and this year it's near the end of April.
> >
> > Keith
>
> Okay, but it was YOU who asked. LOL!
> -from-
> http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/easter.html
>
> =====================================================
> U.S. Naval Observatory
> Astronomical Applications Department
>
>
> The Date of Easter
>
>
> Easter is an annual festival observed throughout the Christian world.
> The date for Easter shifts every year within the Gregorian Calendar. The
> Gregorian Calendar is the standard international calendar for civil use.
> In addition, it regulates the ceremonial cycle of the Roman Catholic and
> Protestant churches. The current Gregorian ecclesiastical rules that
> determine the date of Easter trace back to 325 CE at the First Council
> of Nicaea convened by the Roman Emperor Constantine. At that time the
> Roman world used the Julian Calendar (put in place by Julius Caesar).
>
> The Council decided to keep Easter on a Sunday, the same Sunday
> throughout the world. To fix incontrovertibly the date for Easter, and
> to make it determinable indefinitely in advance, the Council constructed
> special tables to compute the date. These tables were revised in the
> following few centuries resulting eventually in the tables constructed
> by the 6th century Abbot of Scythia, Dionysis Exiguus. Nonetheless,
> different means of calculations continued in use throughout the
> Christian world.
>
> In 1582 Gregory XIII (Pope of the Roman Catholic Church) completed a
> reconstruction of the Julian calendar and produced new Easter tables.
> One major difference between the Julian and Gregorian Calendar is the
> "leap year rule". See our FAQ on Calendars for a description of the
> difference. Universal adoption of this Gregorian calendar occurred
> slowly. By the 1700's, though, most of western Europe had adopted the
> Gregorian Calendar. The Eastern Christian churches still determine the
> Easter dates using the older Julian Calendar method.
>
> The usual statement, that Easter Day is the first Sunday after the full
> moon that occurs next after the vernal equinox, is not a precise
> statement of the actual ecclesiastical rules. The full moon involved is
> not the astronomical Full Moon but an ecclesiastical moon (determined
> from tables) that keeps, more or less, in step with the astronomical Moon.
>
> The ecclesiastical rules are:
>
> * Easter falls on the first Sunday following the first
> ecclesiastical full moon that occurs on or after the day of the vernal
> equinox;
> * this particular ecclesiastical full moon is the 14th day of a
> tabular lunation (new moon); and
> * the vernal equinox is fixed as March 21.
>
> resulting in that Easter can never occur before March 22 or later than
> April 25. The Gregorian dates for the ecclesiastical full moon come from
> the Gregorian tables. Therefore, the civil date of Easter depends upon
> which tables - Gregorian or pre-Gregorian - are used. The western (Roman
> Catholic and Protestent) Christian churches use the Gregorian tables;
> many eastern (Orthodox) Christian churches use the older tables based on
> the Julian Calendar.
>
> In a congress held in 1923, the eastern churches adopted a modified
> Gregorian Calendar and decided to set the date of Easter according to
> the astronomical Full Moon for the meridian of Jerusalem. However, a
> variety of practices remain among the eastern churches.
>
> There are three major differences between the ecclesiastical system and
> the astronomical system.
>
> * The times of the ecclesiastical full moons are not necessarily
> identical to the times of astronomical Full Moons. The ecclesiastical
> tables did not account for the full complexity of the lunar motion.
> * The vernal equinox has a precise astronomical definition
> determined by the actual motion of the Sun. It is the precise time at
> which the apparent longitude of the Sun is zero degrees. This precise
> time shifts within the civil calendar very slightly from year to year.
> In the ecclesiastical system the vernal equinox does not shift; it is
> fixed at March 21 regardless of the actual motion of the Sun.
> * The date of Easter is a specific calendar date. Easter starts
> when that date starts for your local time zone. The vernal equinox
> occurs at a specific date and time all over the Earth at once.
>
> Inevitably, then, the date of Easter occasionally differs from a date
> that depends on the astronomical Full Moon and vernal equinox. In some
> cases this difference may occur in some parts of the world and not in
> others because two dates separated by the International Date Line are
> always simultaneously in progress on the Earth.
>
> For example, take the year 1962. In 1962, the astronomical Full Moon
> occurred on March 21, UT=7h 55m - about six hours after astronomical
> equinox. The ecclesiastical full moon (taken from the tables), however,
> occured on March 20, before the fixed ecclesiastical equinox at March
> 21. In the astronomical case, the Full Moon followed its equinox; in the
> ecclesiastical case, it preceeded its equinox. Following the rules,
> Easter, therefore, was not until the Sunday that followed the next
> ecclesiastical full moon (Wednesday, April 18) making Easter Sunday,
> April 22.
>
> Similarly, in 1954 the first ecclesiastical full moon after March 21
> fell on Saturday, April 17. Thus, Easter was Sunday, April 18. The
> astronomical equinox also occurred on March 21. The next astronomical
> Full Moon occurred on April 18 at UT=5h. So in some places in the world
> Easter was on the same Sunday as the astronomical Full Moon.
>
> The following are dates of Easter from 1980 to 2024:
>
> 1980 April 6 1995 April 16 2010 April 4
>
> 1981 April 19 1996 April 7 2011 April 24
>
> 1982 April 11 1997 March 30 2012 April 8
>
> 1983 April 3 1998 April 12 2013 March 31
>
> 1984 April 22 1999 April 4 2014 April 20
>
> 1985 April 7 2000 April 23 2015 April 5
>
> 1986 March 30 2001 April 15 2016 March 27
>
> 1987 April 19 2002 March 31 2017 April 16
>
> 1988 April 3 2003 April 20 2018 April 1
>
> 1989 March 26 2004 April 11 2019 April 21
>
> 1990 April 15 2005 March 27 2020 April 12
>
> 1991 March 31 2006 April 16 2021 April 4
>
> 1992 April 19 2007 April 8 2022 April 17
>
> 1993 April 11 2008 March 23 2023 April 9
>
> 1994 April 3 2009 April 12 2024 March 31
>
>
> For other years, there is a date of Easter program in Data Services.
>
> Computing the Date of Easter
>
> The rule is that Easter is the first Sunday after the first
> ecclesiastical full moon that occurs on or after March 21. The lunar
> cycles used by the ecclesiastical system are simple to program. The
> following algorithm will compute the date of Easter in the Gregorian
> Calendar system.
>
> The algorithm uses the year, y, to give the month, m, and day, d, of
> Easter. The symbol * means multiply.
>
> Please note the following: This is an integer calculation. All variables
> are integers and all remainders from division are dropped.
>
> c = y / 100
> n = y - 19 * ( y / 19 )
> k = ( c - 17 ) / 25
> i = c - c / 4 - ( c - k ) / 3 + 19 * n + 15
> i = i - 30 * ( i / 30 )
> i = i - ( i / 28 ) * ( 1 - ( i / 28 ) * ( 29 / ( i + 1 ) )
> * ( ( 21 - n ) / 11 ) )
> j = y + y / 4 + i + 2 - c + c / 4
> j = j - 7 * ( j / 7 )
> l = i - j
> m = 3 + ( l + 40 ) / 44
> d = l + 28 - 31 * ( m / 4 )
>
>
> For example, using the year 2010,
> y=2010,
> c=2010/100=20,
> n=2010 - 19 x (2010/19) = 15, [see note above regarding integer
> calculations]
> etc. resulting in Easter on April 4, 2010.
>
> The algorithm is due to J.-M. Oudin (1940) and is reprinted in the
> Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac, ed. P. K. Seidelmann
> (1992). See Chapter 12, "Calendars", by L. E. Doggett.
>
>
> Last modified June 10, 2004 at 12:49


.

Relevant Pages

  • Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 2/3
    ... What is Easter? ... Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after ... Note, however, that while the Julian calendar was in use, ... It was therefore decided to base Easter calculations on the so-called ...
    (sci.astro)
  • Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 2/3
    ... What is Easter? ... Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after ... Note, however, that while the Julian calendar was in use, ... It was therefore decided to base Easter calculations on the so-called ...
    (sci.answers)
  • Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 2/3
    ... What is Easter? ... Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after ... Note, however, that while the Julian calendar was in use, ... It was therefore decided to base Easter calculations on the so-called ...
    (sci.answers)
  • Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 2/3
    ... What is Easter? ... Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after ... Note, however, that while the Julian calendar was in use, ... It was therefore decided to base Easter calculations on the so-called ...
    (sci.answers)
  • Calendar FAQ, v. 2.6 (modified 24 June 2003) Part 2/3
    ... What is Easter? ... Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon after ... Note, however, that while the Julian calendar was in use, ... It was therefore decided to base Easter calculations on the so-called ...
    (sci.answers)