Re: what kind of card games does max all play?

On May 28, 3:06 pm, "robby28" <rjs2...@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
google it

why can't you just tell me?

cause it would take along time

no longer then it takes you to ask me 20 questions at night while i'm at
work.

--
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Texas hold 'em
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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This article is about the popular poker variant. For the Xbox Live
Arcade game, see Texas Hold 'em (Xbox Live Arcade game).

Texas hold 'em involves community cards available to all players
(pictured here on the left).Texas hold 'em (also hold'em, holdem) is
the most popular poker game in the casinos and poker card rooms across
North America and Europe.[1] Hold 'em is a community card game where
each player may use any combination of the five community cards and
the player's own two hole cards to make a poker hand, in contrast to
poker variants like stud or draw where each player holds a separate
individual hand.

After slow but steady gains in popularity throughout the 20th century,
hold 'em's popularity surged in the 2000s due to exposure on
television, on the Internet, and in popular literature. During this
time hold 'em replaced 7 card stud as the most common game in U.S.
casinos, almost totally eclipsing the once popular game.[2] The no-
limit betting form is used in the widely televised main event of the
World Series of Poker (WSOP) and the World Poker Tour (WPT).

Because each player only starts with two cards and the remaining cards
are shared, it presents an opportune game for strategic analysis
(including mathematical analysis). Hold 'em's simplicity and
popularity have inspired a wide variety of strategy books which
provide recommendations for proper play. Most of these books recommend
a strategy that involves playing relatively few hands but betting and
raising often with the hands one plays.[3]

Contents [hide]
1 Objective
2 History
3 The hold 'em explosion
3.1 Television and film
3.2 Literature
3.3 Online poker
4 Rules
4.1 Betting structures
4.2 Play of the hand
4.3 The showdown
5 Examples
5.1 Sample showdown
5.2 Sample hand
5.3 Kickers and ties
6 Strategy
6.1 Starting hands
6.2 Cash games
6.3 Tournaments
7 Similar games
8 References



[edit] Objective
In Texas hold 'em, like all variants of poker, individuals compete for
an amount of money contributed by the players themselves (called the
pot). Because the cards are dealt randomly and outside the control of
the players, each player attempts to control the amount of money in
the pot based on the hand the player holds.

The game is divided into a series of hands or deals; at the conclusion
of each hand the pot is awarded to one or more players. A hand ends
either at the showdown (when the remaining players compare their
hands), or when all but one player have folded and abandoned their
claims to the pot. The pot is then awarded to the player(s) who have
not folded and have the best hand. (This is usually only one player,
but can be more in the case of a tie.)

The objective of winning players is not winning every individual hand,
but rather making mathematically correct decisions. By making such
decisions, winning poker players maximize their long run winnings,
which is achieved by maximizing their expected utility on each round
of betting.[4]


[edit] History

Johnny Moss, Chill Wills, Amarillo Slim, Jack Binion, and Puggy
Pearson outside of Binion's Horseshoe in 1974Although little is known
about the invention of Texas hold 'em, the Texas State Legislature
officially recognizes Robstown, Texas as the game's birthplace, dating
the game to the early 1900s.[5]

After its invention and spread throughout Texas, hold 'em was
introduced to Las Vegas in 1967 by a group of Texan gamblers and card
players, including Crandell Addington, Doyle Brunson, and Amarillo
Slim.[6] Addington said the first time he saw the game was in 1959.
"They didn't call it Texas hold 'em at the time, they just called it
hold 'em... I thought then that if it were to catch on, it would
become the game. Draw poker, you only bet twice; hold 'em, you bet
four times. That meant you could play strategically. This was more of
a thinking man's game."[7]

For several years the Golden Nugget Casino in Downtown Las Vegas was
the only casino in Las Vegas to offer the game. At that time, the
Golden Nugget's poker room was "truly a 'sawdust joint,' with... oiled
sawdust covering the floors."[8] Because of its location and decor,
this poker room did not receive many rich drop-in clients, and as a
result, professional players sought a more prominent location. In
1969, the Las Vegas professionals were invited to play Texas hold 'em
at the entrance of the now-demolished Dunes Casino on the Las Vegas
Strip. This prominent location, and the relative inexperience of poker
players with Texas hold 'em, resulted in a very remunerative game for
professional players.[8]

After a disappointing attempt to establish a "Gambling Fraternity
Convention", Tom Moore added the first ever poker tournament to the
Second Annual Gambling Fraternity Convention held in 1969. This
tournament featured several games including Texas hold 'em. In 1970
Benny and Jack Binion acquired the rights to this convention, renamed
it the World Series of Poker, and moved it to their casino Binion's
Horseshoe Casino in Las Vegas. After its first year, a journalist, Tom
Thackrey, suggested that the main event of this tournament should be
no-limit Texas hold 'em. The Binions agreed and ever since no-limit
Texas hold 'em has been played as the main event.[8] Interest in the
Main Event continued to grow steadily over the next two decades. After
receiving only 8 entrants in 1972, the numbers grew to over 100
entrants in 1982, and over 200 in 1991.[9][10][11]

During this time, Doyle Brunson's revolutionary poker strategy guide,
Super/System was first published.[12] Despite being self-published and
priced at $100 in 1978, the book revolutionized the way poker was
played. It was one of the first books to discuss Texas hold 'em, and
is today cited as one of the most important books on this game.[13] A
few years later, Al Alvarez published a book detailing an early World
Series of Poker event.[14] The first book of its kind, it described
the world of professional poker players and the World Series of Poker.
It is credited with beginning the genre of poker literature and with
bringing Texas hold 'em (and poker generally), for the first time, to
a wider audience.[15]

Interest in hold 'em outside of Nevada began to grow in the 1980s as
well. Although California had legal card rooms offering draw poker,
Texas hold 'em was prohibited under a statute which made illegal the
now unknown game "stud-horse". However in 1988, Texas hold 'em was
declared legally distinct from "stud-horse" in Tibbetts v. Van De
Kamp, 271 Cal. Rptr. 792 (1990). Almost immediately card rooms across
the state offered Texas hold 'em.[16] (It is often presumed that this
decision ruled that hold 'em was a skill game,[17] but the distinction
between skill and chance has never entered into California
jurisprudence regarding poker.[18]) After a trip to Las Vegas,
bookmakers Terry Rogers and Liam Flood introduced the game to European
card players in the early 1980s.[19]


[edit] The hold 'em explosion
In the first decade of the 21st century, Texas hold 'em experienced a
surge in popularity worldwide.[2] Many observers attribute this growth
to the synergy of five factors: the invention of online poker, the
game's appearance in film and on television, the 2004-05 NHL lockout,
[20] the appearance of television commercials advertising online
cardrooms, and the 2003 World Series of Poker championship victory by
online qualifier Chris Moneymaker.[21]


Joe Hachem, winner of 2005 World Series of Poker main event
[edit] Television and film
Main article: Poker on television
Prior to poker becoming widely televised, the movie Rounders (1998),
starring Matt Damon and Edward Norton, gave moviegoers a romantic view
of the game as a way of life. Texas hold 'em was the main game played
during the movie and the no-limit variety was described, following
Doyle Brunson, as the "Cadillac of Poker". A clip of the classic
showdown between Johnny Chan and Erik Seidel from the 1988 World
Series of Poker was also incorporated into the film.[22]

Hold 'em first caught the public eye as a spectator sport in the
United Kingdom with the Late Night Poker TV show in 1999.[23] Fueled
by the introduction of lipstick cameras, which allowed spectators to
see the players' private cards, hold 'em exploded in popularity as a
spectator sport in the United States and Canada in 2003. ESPN's
coverage of the 2003 World Series of Poker featured the unexpected
victory of Internet player Chris Moneymaker, an amateur player who
gained admission to the tournament by winning a series of online
tournaments. Moneymaker's victory initiated a sudden surge of interest
in the World Series, based on the egalitarian idea that anyone – even
a rank novice – can become a world champion.[24]

In 2003, there were 839 entrants in the WSOP Main Event,[25] and
triple that number in 2004.[26] The crowning of the 2004 WSOP
champion, Greg "Fossilman" Raymer, a patent attorney from Connecticut,
further fueled the popularity of the event among amateur (and
particularly internet) players.[27] In the 2005 Main Event, an
unprecedented 5,619 entrants vied for a first prize of $7,500,000. The
winner, Joe Hachem of Australia, was a semi-professional player.[28]
This growth continued in 2006, with 8,773 entrants and a first place
prize of $12,000,000 (won by Jamie Gold).[29]

Beyond the World Series, other television shows – including the long
running World Poker Tour – are credited with increasing the popularity
of Texas hold 'em.[30] In addition to its presence on network and
general audience cable television,[31] poker has now become a regular
part of sports networks' programming in the United States.[32]


[edit] Literature
Twenty years after the publication of Alvarez's groundbreaking book,
James McManus published a semi-autobiographical book, Positively Fifth
Street (2003), which simultaneously describes the trial surrounding
the murder of Ted Binion and McManus' own entry into the 2000 World
Series of Poker.[33] McManus, a poker amateur, finished 5th in the No-
Limit Texas Hold 'em main event, winning over $200,000.[34] In the
book McManus discusses events surrounding the World Series, the trial
of Sandy Murphy and Rick Tabish, poker strategy, and some history of
poker and the world series.

Michael Craig's 2005 book The Professor, the Banker, and the Suicide
King details a series of high stakes Texas hold 'em one-on-one games
between Texas banker Andy Beal and a rotating group of poker
professionals. As of 2006, these games were the highest stakes ever
played, reaching $100,000–$200,000 fixed limit.[35]


[edit] Online poker

Poker revenues from Party Gaming (2002-2006). The drop off in 2006 is
due to the UIGEA.Main article: Online poker
The ability to play cheaply and anonymously online has been credited
as a cause of the increase in popularity of Texas hold 'em.[24] Online
poker sites both allow people to try out games and also provide an
avenue for entry into large tournaments (like the World Series of
Poker) via smaller tournaments known as satellites. Both the 2003 and
2004 winners of the World Series qualified by playing in these
tournaments.[36][37]

Although online poker grew from its inception in 1998 until 2003,
Moneymaker's win and the appearance of televisions advertisements in
2003 contributed to a tripling of industry revenues in 2004.[38][39]


[edit] Rules
The descriptions below assume a familiarity with the general game play
of poker, and with poker hands. For a general introduction to these
topics, see poker, poker hands, poker probability, and poker jargon.

[edit] Betting structures
See the article on betting for a detailed explanation of betting in
these variations of hold 'em.

A standard hold 'em game showing the position of the blinds relative
to the dealer buttonHold 'em is normally played using small and big
blind bets – forced bets by two players. Antes (forced contributions
by all players) may be used in addition to blinds, particularly in
later stages of tournament play. A dealer button is used to represent
the player in the dealer position; the dealer button rotates clockwise
after each hand, changing the position of the dealer and blinds. The
small blind is posted by the player to the left of the dealer and is
usually equal to half of the big blind. The big blind, posted by the
player to the left of the small blind, is equal to the minimum bet. In
tournament poker, the blind/ante structure periodically increases as
the tournament progresses. (In some cases, the small blind is some
other fraction of a small bet, e.g. $10 is a common small blind when
the big blind is $15. The double-blind structure described above is a
commonly used and more recent adoption.)

When only two players remain, special 'head-to-head' or 'heads up'
rules are enforced and the blinds are posted differently. In this
case, the person with the dealer button posts the small blind, while
his/her opponent places the big blind. The dealer acts first before
the flop. After the flop, the dealer acts last for the remainder of
the hand.

The three most common variations of hold 'em are limit hold 'em, no-
limit hold 'em and pot-limit hold 'em. Limit hold 'em has historically
been the most popular form of hold 'em found in casino live action
games in the United States.[2] In limit hold 'em, bets and raises
during the first two rounds of betting (pre-flop and flop) must be
equal to the big blind; this amount is called the small bet. In the
next two rounds of betting (turn and river), bets and raises must be
equal to twice the big blind; this amount is called the big bet. No-
limit hold 'em is the form most commonly found in televised tournament
poker and is the game played in the main event of the World Series of
Poker. In no-limit hold 'em, players may bet or raise any amount over
the minimum raise up to all of the chips the player has at the table
(called an all-in bet). If someone wishes to re-raise, they must raise
at least the amount of the previous raise. For example, if the big
blind is $2 and there is a bet of $6 to a total of $8, a raise must be
at least $6 more for a total of $14. If a raise or re-raise is all-in
and does not equal the size of the previous raise, the initial raiser
can not re-raise again. This only matters of course if there was a
call before the re-raise. In pot-limit hold 'em, the maximum raise is
the current size of the pot.

Most casinos that offer hold 'em also allow the player to the left of
the big blind to post an optional live straddle, usually double the
amount of the big blind, which then acts as the big blind. No-limit
games may also allow multiple re-straddles, in any amount that would
be a legal raise.[12]


[edit] Play of the hand

There are only two private cards in hold 'em. They are dealt
first.Play begins with each player being dealt two cards face down.
(Like most poker games, the deck is a standard 52 card deck, no
jokers.) These cards are the player's hole or pocket cards. These are
the only cards each player will receive individually, and they will
only (possibly) be revealed at the showdown, making Texas hold 'em a
closed poker game.

The hand begins with a "pre-flop" betting round, beginning with the
player to the left of the big blind (or the player to the left of the
dealer, if no blinds are used) and continuing clockwise. A round of
betting continues until every player has either folded, put in all of
their chips, or matched the amount put in by all other active players.
See betting for a detailed account. Note that the blinds are
considered "live" in the pre-flop betting round, meaning that they
contribute to the amount that the blind player must contribute, and
that, if all players call around to the player in the big blind
position, that player may either check or raise.

After the pre-flop betting round, assuming there remain at least two
players taking part in the hand, the dealer deals a flop, three face-
up community cards. The flop is followed by a second betting round.
This and all subsequent betting rounds begin with the player to the
dealer's left and continue clockwise.

After the flop betting round ends, a single community card (called the
turn or fourth street) is dealt, followed by a third betting round. A
final single community card (called the river or fifth street) is then
dealt, followed by a fourth betting round and the showdown, if
necessary.

In all casinos, the dealer will burn a card before the flop, turn, and
river. Because of this burn, players who are betting cannot see the
back of the next community card to come, which might be marked.[12]


[edit] The showdown
If a player bets and all other players fold, then the remaining player
is awarded the pot and is not required to show his hole cards. If two
or more players remain after the final betting round, a showdown
occurs. On the showdown, each player plays the best five-card poker
hand he can make from the seven cards comprising his two hole cards
and the five community cards. A player may use both of his own two
hole cards, only one, or none at all, to form his final five-card
hand. If the five community cards form the player's best hand, then
the player is said to be playing the board and can only hope to split
the pot, since each other player can also use the same five cards to
construct the same hand.[12]

If the best hand is shared by more than one player, then the pot is
split equally among them, with any extra chips going to the first
players after the button in clockwise order. It is common for players
to have closely-valued, but not identically ranked hands.
Nevertheless, one must be careful in determining the best hand; if the
hand involves fewer than five cards, (such as two pair or three of a
kind), then kickers are used to settle ties (see the second example
below). Note that the card's numerical rank is of sole importance;
suit values are irrelevant in Hold'em.


[edit] Examples

[edit] Sample showdown
Here's a sample showdown:

Board

Bob
Carol
Ted
Alice


Each player plays the best 5-card hand they can make with the seven
cards available. They have

Bob Three fours, with ace, king kickers
Carol Ace-high flush
Ted Full house, kings full of fours
Alice 8-high straight

In this case, Ted's full house is the best hand, with Carol in 2nd,
Alice in 3rd and Bob last.


[edit] Sample hand

The blinds for this example handHere is a sample game involving four
players. The players' individual hands will not be revealed until the
showdown, to give a better sense of what happens during play:

Compulsory bets: Alice is the dealer. Bob, to Alice's left, posts a
small blind of $1, and Carol posts a big blind of $2.

Pre-flop: Alice deals two hole cards face down to each player,
beginning with Bob and ending with herself. Ted must act first because
he is the first player after the big blind. He cannot check, since the
$2 big blind plays as a bet, so he folds. Alice calls the $2. Bob adds
an additional $1 to his $1 small blind to call the $2 total. Carol's
blind is "live" (see blind), so she has the option to raise here, but
she checks instead, ending the first betting round. The pot now
contains $6, $2 from each of three players.

Flop: Alice now burns a card and deals the flop of three face-up
community cards, 9♣ K♣ 3♥. On this round, as on all subsequent rounds,
the player on the dealer's left begins the betting. In this case it is
Bob, who checks. Carol opens for $2, Ted has already folded and Alice
raises another $2 (puts in $4, $2 to match Carol and $2 to raise),
making the total bet now facing Bob $4. He calls (puts in $4, $2 to
match Carol's initial bet and $2 to match Alice's raise). Carol calls
as well, putting in her $2. The pot now contains $18, $6 from the last
round and $12 from three players this round.

Turn: Alice now burns another card and deals the turn card face up. It
is the 5♠. Bob checks, Carol checks, and Alice checks; the turn has
been checked around. The pot still contains $18.

River: Alice burns another card and deals the final river card, the
9♦, making the final board 9♣ K♣ 3♥ 5♠ 9♦. Bob bets $4, Carol calls,
and Alice folds (Alice's holding was A♣ 7♣; she was hoping the river
card would be a club to make her hand a flush).

Showdown: Bob shows his hand of Q♠ 9♥, so the best five-card hand he
can make is 9♣ 9♦ 9♥ K♣ Q♠, for three nines, with a king-queen kicker.
Carol shows her cards of K♠ J♥, making her final hand K♣ K♠ 9♣ 9♦ J♥
for two pair, kings and nines, with a jack kicker. Bob wins the
showdown and the $26 pot.


[edit] Kickers and ties
Because of the presence of community cards in Texas hold 'em,
different players' hands can often run very close in value. As a
result, it is not uncommon for kickers to be used to determine the
winning hand and also for two hands (or maybe more) to tie. A kicker
is a card which is part of the five card poker hand, but is not used
in determining a hand's rank. For instance, in the hand A-A-A-K-Q, the
king and queen are kickers.

The following situation illustrates the importance of breaking ties
with kickers and card ranks, as well as the use of the five-card rule.
After the turn, the board and players' hole cards are as follows.

Board (after the turn)

Bob
Carol


At the moment, Bob is in the lead with a hand of Q♠ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ K♥,
making two pair, queens and eights, with a king kicker. This beats
Carol's hand of Q♥ Q♣ 8♠ 8♥ 10♦ by virtue of his king kicker.

Suppose the final card were the A♠, making the final board 8♠ Q♣ 8♥ 4♣
A♠. Bob and Carol still each have two pair (Queens and eights), but
both of them are now entitled to play the final ace as their fifth
card, making their hands both two pair, queens and eights, with an ace
kicker. Bob's king no longer plays, because the ace on the board plays
as the fifth card in both hands, and a hand is only composed of the
best five cards. They therefore tie and split the pot.


[edit] Strategy

Doyle Brunson is credited with bringing poker strategy to a wider
audienceSee Poker strategy for a more detailed discussion of general
poker strategy
Most poker authors recommend a tight-aggressive approach to playing
Texas hold 'em. This strategy involves playing relatively few hands
(tight), but betting and raising often with those that one does play
(aggressive).[3] Although this strategy is often recommended, some
professional players successfully employ other strategies as well.[3]

Almost all authors agree that where a player sits in the order of play
(known as position) is an important element of Texas hold 'em
strategy, particularly in no-limit hold'em.[4] Players who act later
have more information than players who act earlier. As a result,
players typically play fewer hands from early positions than later
positions.

Because of the game's level of complexity, it has received some
attention from academics. One attempt to develop a quantitative model
of a Texas hold'em tournament as an isolated complex system has had
some success,[40] although the full consequences for optimal
strategies remain to be explored. In addition, groups at the
University of Alberta and Carnegie Mellon University are developing
poker playing programs utilizing techniques in game theory and
artificial intelligence.[41][42]


[edit] Starting hands
Main article: Texas hold 'em starting hands

A pair of aces is statistically the best hand to be dealt in Texas
Hold'em PokerBecause there are only two cards dealt to each player, it
is easy to characterize all of the starting hands. There are (52 × 51)
÷ 2 = 1,326 distinct possible combinations of two cards from a
standard 52-card deck. Because no suit is more powerful than another,
many of these can be equated for the analysis of starting-hand
strategy. For example, although J♥ J♣ and J♦ J♠ are distinct
combinations of cards, they are of equal value as starting hands.

Viewed this way there are only 169 different hole-card combinations.
Thirteen of those hands would be pairs, from 2 through ace. There are
78 ways to have two cards of dissimilar rank (12 possible hands
containing an ace, 11 possible hands containing a king and no ace, 10
possible hands containing a queen and no ace or king, etc.). Hole
cards can both be used in a flush if they are suited, but pairs are
never suited, so there would be 13 possible pairs, 78 possible suited
non-pairs, and 78 possible unsuited non-pairs, for a total of 169
possible hands.[43] Suited starting cards are usually considered
stronger than unsuited hands, although the magnitude of this strength
in different games is debated.[44]

Because of this limited number of starting hands, most strategy guides
involve a detailed discussion of each of these 169 starting hands.
This separates hold 'em from other poker games where the number of
starting card combinations forces strategy guides to group hands into
broad categories. Another result of this small number is the
proliferation of colloquial names for individual hands.[45]


[edit] Cash games
Main article: Ring game
Prior to the invention of poker tournaments, poker games were played
with real money where players bet actual currency (or chips which
represented currency). Games which feature wagering actual money on
individual hands are still very common and are referred to as "cash
games" or "ring games".

The no-limit and fixed-limit cash game versions of hold 'em are
strategically very different. Doyle Brunson claims that "the games are
so different that there are not many players who rank with the best in
both types of hold 'em. Many no-limit players have difficulty gearing
down for limit, while limit players often lack the courage and 'feel'
necessary to excel at no-limit."[12] Because the size of bets is
restricted in limit games, the ability to bluff is somewhat curtailed.
Since one is not (usually) risking all of one's chips in limit poker,
players are sometimes advised to take more chances.[12]

Lower stakes games also exhibit different properties than higher
stakes games. Small stakes games often involve more players in each
hand and can vary from extremely passive (little raising and betting)
to extremely aggressive (many raises). The difference of small stakes
games have resulted in several books dedicated to only those games.
[46]


[edit] Tournaments
Main article: Poker tournament
Texas hold 'em is often commonly associated with poker tournaments
largely because it is played as the main event in many of the famous
tournaments, including the World Series of Poker's Main Event, and is
the most common tournament overall.[47] Traditionally, a poker
tournament is played with chips that represent a player's stake in the
tournament. Standard play allows all entrants to "buy-in" a fixed
amount and all players begin with an equal value of chips. Play
proceeds until one player has accumulated all the chips in play. The
money pool is redistributed to the players in relation to the place
they finished in the tournament. Usually only a small percentage of
the players receive any money, with the majority receiving nothing. As
a result the strategy in poker tournaments can be very different from
a cash game.

Proper strategy in tournaments can vary widely depending on the amount
of chips one has, the stage of the tournament, the amount of chips
others have, and the playing styles of one's opponents.[3] Although
some authors still recommend a tight playing style, others recommend
looser play (playing more hands) in tournaments than one would
otherwise play in cash games. In tournaments the blinds and antes
increase regularly, and can become much larger near the end of the
tournament. This can force players to play hands that they would not
normally play when the blinds were small, which can warrant both more
loose and more aggressive play.[48]


[edit] Similar games
There are several other poker variants which resemble Texas hold 'em.
Hold 'em is a member of a class of poker games known as community card
games, where some cards are available for use by all the players.
There are several other games that use five community cards in
addition to some private cards and are thus similar to Texas hold 'em.
Royal hold 'em has the same structure as Texas hold 'em, but the deck
contains only Aces, Kings, Queens, Jacks, and Tens.[49] Pineapple and
Omaha hold 'em both vary the number of cards an individual receives
before the flop, but are dealt identically afterward.[50][51]
Alternatively, in Double-board hold'em all players receive the same
number of private cards, but there are two sets of community cards.
The winner is either selected for each individual board with each
receiving half of the pot, or the best overall hand takes the entire
pot, depending on the rules agreed upon by the players.[52]

Manila is a hold'em variant popular in Australia. In Manila, players
receive two private cards from a reduced deck (containing no cards
lower than 7). A five card board is dealt, unlike Texas hold 'em, one
card at a time; there is a betting round after each card. Manila has
several variations of its own, similar to the variants listed above.
[53]


[edit] References
.

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