Man on the run.
- From: TomWheelerAT@xxxxxxxxx (Tom Wheeler)
- Date: Wed, 31 Aug 2005 07:20:06 -0400
Paul in the sky.
spirt are big.
had look of concern and in a hurry. yes.
man on the run.
arsnic 3 sides. water good. yummy
great song.
in short. summer dst is longer.
faith.:>)?. Lowtuc
Worldwide daylight saving
Today approximately 70 countries utilize Daylight Saving Time in at
least a portion of the country. The only major industrialized country
not to have introduced daylight saving is Japan.
While European nations have been taking advantage of the time change for
decades, in 1996 the European Union (EU) standardized an EU-wide
"summertime period." The EU version of Daylight Saving Time runs from
the last Sunday in March through the last Sunday in October. During the
summer, Russia's clocks are two hours ahead of standard time. For
example, Moscow standard time (UTC+3) is about a half-hour ahead of
local mean time (UTC+2:30); this is about the same situation as Detroit,
whose standard time (UTC-5) is also about a half-hour ahead of local
mean time (UTC-5:32). During the winter, all 11 of the Russian time
zones remain an hour ahead of standard time. With their high latitude,
the two hours of Daylight Saving Time really helps to save daylight. In
the Southern Hemisphere where summer comes in December, Daylight Saving
Time is observed from October to March. (The clock at above right is
viewed from within the Musée d'Orsay in Paris.)
Not the tropics
Equatorial and tropical countries (lower latitudes) generally do not
observe Daylight Saving Time since the daylight hours are similar during
every season, so there is no advantage to moving clocks forward during
the summer. China has had a single time zone since May 1, 1980 observing
summer DST from 1986 through 1991; they do not now.
List of countries
Most countries that observe daylight saving time are listed in the table
below. They all save one hour in the summer and change their clocks some
time between midnight and 3 am.
ContinentCountryBeginning and ending daysAfricaEgyptStart: Last Friday
in April
End: Last Thursday in SeptemberNamibiaStart: First Sunday in September
End: First Sunday in AprilAsiaMost states of the former USSR. Start:
Last Sunday in March
End: Last Sunday in OctoberIraqStart: April 1
End: October 1 Israel (more info)Start: April 1
End: The Saturday between
Rosh Hashana and Yom KippurLebanon, KirgizstanStart: Last Sunday in
March
End: Last Sunday in October MongoliaStopped in 2002Palestine (more
info)(Estimate)
Start: First Friday on or after 15 April
End: First Friday on or after 15 October
SyriaStart: April 1
End: October 1IranStart: the first day of Farvardin
End: the first day of Mehr AustralasiaAustralia - South Australia,
Victoria,
Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales,
Lord Howe IslandStart: Last Sunday in October
End: Last Sunday in MarchAustralia - TasmaniaStart: First Sunday in
October
End: Last Sunday in March FijiStopped in 2000
New Zealand, Chatham - (read law)
Start: First Sunday in October
End: Third Sunday in March TongaStart: First Sunday in November
End: Last Sunday in JanuaryEuropeEuropean Union - (read law)
UK - (read law)Start: Last Sunday in March at 1 am UTC
End: Last Sunday in October at 1 am UTC RussiaStart: Last Sunday in
March at 2 am local time
End: Last Sunday in October at 2 am local timeNorth AmericaUnited
States, Canada, Mexico
St. Johns, Bahamas, Turks and CaicosStart: First Sunday in April
End: Last Sunday in October CubaStart: April 1
End: Last Sunday in October GreenlandSame as EU
South AmericaBrazil
(rules vary quite a bit from year to year).
Also, equatorial Brazil does not observe DST.Start: First Sunday in
November
End: Third Sunday in February Chile - (read law)
Start: Second Saturday of October - at midnight
End: Second Saturday of March - at midnight FalklandsStart: First
Sunday on or after 8 September
End: First Sunday on or after 6 April ParaguayStart: First Sunday in
September
End: First Sunday in AprilAntarcticaAntarctica (more info)(varies, see
below)
Note that there are many oddities. For example, some parts of the US and
Canada do not observe Daylight Saving Time, such as the state of Arizona
(US) and the province Saskatchewan (Canada).
Observance can also be erratic. For example, Chile delayed its
changeover date for the Pope's visit in 1987, and a presidential
inauguration in 1990.
In Japan, Daylight saving was introduced after World War II by the US
occupation but was dispensed with in 1952, following opposition from
farmers. Despite efforts by the Ministry of International Trade and
Industry to have daylight saving introduced to cut Japan's energy
consumption, opposition from farmers and the Ministry of Education (who
were concerned that lighter evenings would entice school children from
their homework) has continued to win the day.
Clark Dam at Butlers Gorge in Tasmania. The bulk of the
electricity in Tasmania is generated by hydroelectric stations, causing
an energy shortage in the drought of 1967. Australia
In Australia, Daylight Saving was first introduced during World War I
under Commonwealth legislation which, due to wartime emergency, was
binding on all the States. During the world wars, DST was implemented
for the late summers beginning January 1917 and 1942, and the full
summers beginning September 1942 and 1943. (Western Australia did not
use DST summer 1943).
In 1967, Tasmania experienced a drought, which depleted their reserves
of water. The State Government introduced one hour of daylight saving
that summer as a means of saving power and hence water. Tasmanians
reacted favorably to daylight saving and the Tasmanian Government has
declared daylight saving each summer since 1968. After persuasion by the
Tasmanian Government, all States (except Western Australia and the
Northern Territory) passed legislation in 1971, for a trial season of
daylight saving. The following year, New South Wales, South Australia
and Victoria joined Tasmania for regular daylight saving, but Queensland
did not until 1989.
Tasmania, Queensland and Western Australia have had erratic schedules,
often changing their dates due to politics, and to accommodate
festivals. For example, in 1992, Tasmania extended daylight saving by an
additional month while South Australia began extending daylight saving
by two weeks to encompass the Adelaide Festival. In some years Victoria
extended daylight saving to the end of March for the Moomba Festival and
South Australia and New South Wales followed suit for consistency.
Special daylight saving arrangements were observed during the Sydney
2000 Olympic Games.
In response to the problems caused by nonuniformity, a Private Members
Bill, the National Measurement (Standard Time) Amendment Bill 1991, was
introduced into Federal Parliament in May 1991 by Ron Edwards, Member
for Stirling in WA to define a national system of time zones and DST for
Australia and its external territories. But in March 1992 the Federal
Government decided not proceed with the Bill, and the setting of time
zones and daylight saving will remain the responsibility of the State
and Territory governments. The lack of uniformity of daylight saving in
Australia continues to cause significant problems for transport and
communication organizations. It also reduces the number of hours in the
working day that are common to all centers in the country. In
particular, time differences along the east coast causes major
difficulties, especially for the broadcasters of national radio and
television that can only be partly overcome by substantial capital
investments.
Middle East
Israel
Israel always has Daylight Saving time, but until 2005, it was decided
every year by the Ministry of Interior. There was no set rule for
Daylight-Saving/Standard time changes, and there was long-running debate
between the majority of the secular public who wanted to extend daylight
saving as long as possible, and the religious public who wanted to end
it before Yom Kippur. One thing was entrenched in law, however: that
there had to be at least 150 days of daylight saving time annually. From
1993-1998, the change to daylight saving time was on a Friday morning
from midnight IST to 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to
standard time was on a Saturday night from midnight daylight saving time
to 11 p.m. standard time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the
change back to standard time took place on Sunday night instead of
Saturday night to avoid conflicts with the Jewish New Year. From
1999-2004, the change to daylight saving time was on a Friday morning,
but from 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; and the change back to standard time
was on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST.
Palestine
The area of Palestine has had varying Daylight Saving Time rules as the
dramatic politics of the region have swayed the occupying power. Being
closer to the equator than Europe, there is less need for DST, but it
has generally been observed anyway. At present, as a sign of
independence from Israeli rule, the Palestinian Authority uses a
different schedule than Israel.
Early in the twentieth century, the British were quick to standardize
time, and from 1917 until 15 May 1948, all of Palestine, including the
parts now known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British
rule, and followed British time changes.
Later, the Gaza Strip was mostly under Egyptian rule from 15 May 1948
until 5 June 1967, and followed Egyptian policy. The rest of Palestine
was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally annexed in 1950 as the
West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from the country's previous
name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for
Jordan for that time apply. Major towns in that area are Nablus
(Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and East Jerusalem. Both areas
followed Israeli time when they were occupied by Israel in June 1967,
but not annexed (except for East Jerusalem). The Palestinian Authority
was established in 1993, and controlled most towns in the West Bank and
Gaza by 1995. The Palestinians began using their own time change dates,
separate from Israel's.
Jordan
In 1999, Jordan decided to implement summer time all year round.
Antarctica
The Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer Station) uses Chile's time zone, the
rest of the continent does not. Rothera, a British base, does not
implement daylight savings, but instead remains GMT -3. U.S. bases,
including both McMurdo and Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station use New
Zealand's time zone and daylight saving dates.
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