Re: EM-propulsion? No Propellant?


<renaborney@xxxxxxx> wrote in message
news:1157638660.800546.175360@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

ianparker2@xxxxxxxxx wrote:
Ken S. Tucker wrote:
Dan wrote:
manofsanATyahoo.com wrote:
Hi,

If you read the article more closely, they're not claiming
repulsion
off the Earth's magnetic field. They're claiming some kind of
"momentum
transfer" from wavelength differentials -- and they're saying this
will
only happen in an existing field (ie. gravitational), as in the
case of
buoyancy. WTF is this?

Gravity is not an electromagnetic force.
Dan, U.S. Air Force, retired

Yes I think gravity is an ElectroMagnetic force,
actually a residual attractive EM-force. It seems
the General Theory of Relativity requires that to
make the Law of Conservation of Energy hold.
I wrote a brief on that here...

http://www.vacuum-physics.com/KST/GR_Charge_Couple3.pdf

Basically attraction is a bit stronger than repulsion
between charged particles. That theory has so far
been tested successfully by the null result of the
LIGO experiment.
Regards
Ken S. Tucker

Dan, you are absolutely right. Gravity is NOT an electromagnetic force.
Gravitational waves like light travel at c and people have pointed out
a similatity between electromagnetism (a second order tensor) and
gravity which is a third order tensor. Elementary particle physicists
have put this another way. They say the graviton has a spin of 2 while
the photon (electromagnetism) has a spin of 1. A gravitational wave has
much more complicated polarization than light which exits in 2
directions with the electric and magnetic fields being in the direction
of propagation of the wave.

In Grand Unified theories WHICH ONLY APPLY AT HIGH ENERGIES AND SHORT
DISTANCES the electromagnetic and gravitational forces are combined.

SNIP

My understanding is that no unification of the four forces (it is
thought by some physicisits working in supersymmetry and string theory
that a "fifth" force may also exist) has been acheived. Two of the
forces (Electromagnetism & the Weak Force) have been unified into an
Electroweak Force. The String Force has not - but since it is a quantum
force physicists are optimistic about its unification in the near
future. Gravity is NOT a quantum force (which deals with the very
small), but a relativistic one (which deals with the very large).
Unification will require a theory of Quantum Gravity

The modern quantum mechanical view of the three fundamental forces (all
except gravity) is that particles of matter (fermions) do not directly
interact with each other, but rather carry a charge, and exchange
virtual particles (gauge bosons), which are the interaction carriers or
interaction mediators. Thus, for example, photons are the mediators of
the interaction of electric charges; and gluons are the mediators of
the interaction of color charges. This coupling of matter (charged
fermions) with force mediating particles (gauge bosons) is the result
of fundamental symmetries of nature.

Interaction/Current Theory/Mediators/Relative Strength 1/Long-Distance
Behavior

Strong/Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)/gluons/1038/1 (see discussion
below)

Electromagnetic/Quantum electrodynamics(QED)/photons/1036/frac{1}{r^2}

Weak/Quantum flavourdynamics (GWS theory)/W and Z bosons/ 1025/
frac{e^{-m_{W,Z}r}}{r}

Gravity/General Relativity/(GR, not a quantum theory.)/ gravitons
2/1/frac{1}{r^2}

1 Approximate. The exact strengths depend on the particles and energies
involved.

A unique characteristic of the strong interaction is the fact that
gluons interact with each other. This causes the strong interaction's
strength to be independent of distance. This can be interpreted to mean
that the force has an infinite range. However, in actuality, since the
energy stored in the field increases with separation between the
interacting particles, at large distances the field contains enough
energy to produce particle-antiparticle pairs. When this occurs, the
field lines are cut in half. By this mechanism, strong forces never act
over distances much larger than the proton's radius.

2 The Graviton (the exchange particle for gravity) has not yet been
discovered


Actually within he past year the String Theory has fallen out of favor and
no longer has the support it once did.



.

Relevant Pages

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