Dark matter/energy - is it real?



Let's say I was sceptical about the existence of dark matter and dark
energy - how would you convince me that it's there?

It is mentioned here, for instance:
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/10/3/22/1
"we are living in a flat universe comprising just 4% ordinary matter,
22% dark matter and 74% dark energy -- in agreement with the standard
model of cosmology."

Dark matter is apparently supposed to be some form of non-luminescent
matter, but what is dark energy supposed to be?

How is dark matter and energy measured? What would happen to the
calculations if the speed of light was variable over vast distances
(which we are currently unable to measure)? If the force of gravity was
variable on the large scale?

I think I have a pretty good layman's grasp on cosmology, so by all
means be as specific and detailed as you like (not including lots of
math, though).

I'm trying to develop a terminology based on some of my own theories,
for techno-babble use in SF stories.

- Tue

.



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