Re: Insulin: Insulin resistance or Renal Loss?

"Insulin molecules have a tendency to form dimers in solution due to
hydrogen-bonding between the C-termini of B chains. Additionally, in
the presence of zinc ions, insulin dimers associate into hexamers.

These interactions have important clinical ramifications. Monomers and
dimers readily diffuse into blood, whereas hexamers diffuse very
poorly. Hence, absorption of insulin preparations containing a high
proportion of hexamers is delayed and slow. This problem, among others,
has stimulated development of a number of recombinant insulin analogs.
http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbo...lin_struct.html "

The above link tells that insulin have tendancy o
crystallize---whenther in case of endogenous insulin in blood/ECF or
not is to be understood?
Jefferson wrote:
> Kumar wrote:
> > Btw, can insulin molecules exist in body in cluster/liquid crystal or
> > macromoecular form so not filtered via kidneys?
> >
> > What does it mean:-
> >
> > "Crystal:
> > a regular repeat of molecules, usually with some sort of internal
> > rotational symmetry. Protein crystals are usually about 40-60% solvent
> > by weight and are thus fragile and sensitive to drying out.
> > http://adelie.biochem.queensu.ca/~rlc/work/teaching/definitions.shtml "
>
>
> Glucose Transporters in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Isolated From
> the Urine of Patients With Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes -
> http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/12/3427
>
> "In a hyperglycemic environment, HEPTECs isolated from patients with
> type 2 diabetes expressed significantly more SGLT2 and the facilitative
> glucose transporter GLUT2 than cells from healthy individuals. We also
> demonstrated a markedly increased renal glucose uptake in HEPTECs
> isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy
> control subjects. Our findings indicate for the first time in a human
> cellular model that increased renal glucose transporter expression and
> activity is associated with type 2 diabetes."
>
> Since you seem to be interested in extracellular space and the
> intercellular, the following is mentioned.
> SGLT is a glucose transporter in some tissues whereas GLUT1 is a
> transporter in other tissues. The latter transporter is involved in
> moving glucose as well as the oxidized form of vitamin C -
> dehydroascorbic acid from the extracellular space to the intercellular.
> This poses a problem when blood glucose is high (above normal
> physiological levels). http://tinyurl.com/agvjh
>
> Frank

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