Re: Insulin: Insulin resistance or Renal Loss?

Kumar wrote: 
Btw, can insulin molecules exist in body in cluster/liquid crystal or
macromoecular form so not filtered via kidneys?

What does it mean:-

"Crystal:
a regular repeat of molecules, usually with some sort of internal
rotational symmetry. Protein crystals are usually about 40-60% solvent
by weight and are thus fragile and sensitive to drying out.
http://adelie.biochem.queensu.ca/~rlc/work/teaching/definitions.shtml "


Glucose Transporters in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells Isolated From the Urine of Patients With Non–Insulin-Dependent Diabetes -
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/54/12/3427

"In a hyperglycemic environment, HEPTECs isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes expressed significantly more SGLT2 and the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 than cells from healthy individuals. We also demonstrated a markedly increased renal glucose uptake in HEPTECs isolated from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with healthy control subjects. Our findings indicate for the first time in a human cellular model that increased renal glucose transporter expression and activity is associated with type 2 diabetes."

Since you seem to be interested in extracellular space and the intercellular, the following is mentioned.
SGLT is a glucose transporter in some tissues whereas GLUT1 is a transporter in other tissues. The latter transporter is involved in moving glucose as well as the oxidized form of vitamin C - dehydroascorbic acid from the extracellular space to the intercellular. This poses a problem when blood glucose is high (above normal physiological levels). http://tinyurl.com/agvjh

Frank
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