Re: anerkennt / erkennt an

Helmut Richter <hhr-m@xxxxxx> wrote:

Die ebenfalls zurückgenommene (jetzt fakultative) Trennung von
"glatt rasiert" quer zur Intonation hat mich aber auf eine ganz
andere Frage gebracht: ist dort "glatt" überhaupt ein Adverb?
Ich habe versucht, die Frage in sci.lang loszutreten, ohne
greifbares Ergebnis. "glatt rasiert" gibts nur mit Objekt oder
im Passiv -- ein Hinweis, dass sich "glatt" auf das Objekt der
Rasur (d.h. im Passiv das Subjekt des Satzes) bezieht und nicht
auf das Verb:

Es wird schnell gefahren. => Adverb
*Es wird glatt rasiert. => kein Adverb

Im Englischen gibt's das entsprechende Adjektiv /clean-shaven/,
das in einigen Grammatiken vorkommt. /To shave clean/ liest man
auch in Büchern, aber heutzutage wird man normalerweise nur das
Adjektiv /clean-shaven/ (/cleanshaven/) antreffen.

| From the Restoration year the razor comes more into use. Young
| men shave clean. [...] But for a civilian to grow a moustache
| was long reckoned a piece of unseemly swagger. Clive Newcome, it
| will be remembered, wore one until the taunting question whether
| he was "going in the Guards" shamed him into shaving clean.
| [...] The fashion of clean shaving had made some way, the
| popularity of the shaven actor having a part in this. [...] The
| upper class showed an inclination to shave clean, although the
| army grudgingly recognized a rule which ordered the moustache to
| be worn. [...] The regent took the new fashion, and sat "in
| whiskered state," but his brother and successor shaved clean and
| disliked even the hussar's moustache.
|
(The Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume III, Article "Beard", New
York, 1910, p. 577.)

| Both men were in their shirts, their heads were shaven clean,
| but bore the cracks and scars of many former glorious battles.
|
(William Makepeace Thackeray, "The Virginians", Chapter XXXVII,
"IN WHICH VARIOUS MATCHES ARE FOUGHT", Harper & Brothers
Publishers, 1899 (1857-1859), p. 311.)

| 'Ca-can't he shave clean before tea, please?' said Campbell.
| 'It's ten minutes to bell.'
|
(Rudyard Kipling, "Stalky & Co.", "The Moral Reformers", London,
Macmillan and Co., 1899, p. 153.)

| But that his blouse was black and his face shaven clean, you
| might pick such a man to-day, toiling cheerfully in his own
| patch of vines, from half a dozen provinces of France [...]
|
(Robert Louis Stevenson, "In the South Seas", Part I, "The
Marquesas"; Chapter VII, "Hatiheu", New York, Charles Scribner's
Sons, 1896 (1891; 1892-1896), p. 63.)

Aber nun zu /clean-shaven/.

Otto Jespersen erwähnt "a /clean/ shaven face" in "The Philosophy
of Grammar" (1924) unter /Adjectives/, aber er sagt, daß es
"historisch richtiger" ist, /clean/ ein Adverb zu nennen.

| Adjectives as Subjuncts. In "a /fast/ moving engine | a /long/
| delayed punishment | a /clean/ shaven face" and similar
| instances it is historically more correct to call the italicized
| words adverbs (in which the old adverbial ending /-e/ has become
| mute in the same way as other weak /-e/'s) rather than adjective
| subjuncts.
|
(Ninth Impression, London, 1963 (1924), p. 99.)

In "Essentials of English Grammar" (1933) nennt er /clean/ ein
Adverb (im Original ist das dritte "7" tiefgestellt):

| 7.77. /Long/ and /fast/ are adjectives in /a long day/ and /a
| fast train/, but adverbs in /he walked long and fast/. Among
| other adverbs formed in the same way direct from adjectives may
| be mentioned /clean/ (a clean shaven face), /half/, /early/.
|
(University of Alabama Press, 1964 (1933), p. 73.)

Ein moderneres Werk für dänische Studenten bezeichnet /clean/ als
Adverb, aber in einer Anmerkung schreiben die Autoren, daß man
solche Adverbien ohne /-ly/ auch als /adjective phrases/ ansehen
könnte:

| *7.6.3. Adverbs with and without /-ly/* [4] - the most important
| differences:
|
| [...]
|
| *CLEAN(LY)* *CLEAN* 1. = completely: I /clean/ forgot to ask
| him. The bullet went /clean/ through the door (lige, durk). 2.
| in fixed expressions: /clean/-shaven, /clean/-cut ...
|
| [...]
|
| 4) In many instances, there is a case for analysing the form
| without /-ly/ as an AdjP (i.e. as SC/OC) as in: Cut the bread
| /fine/ or: Pack it /tight/. Here, we could say that the
| sentences mean: ... so that it *is fine/tight*, where /fine/ and
| /tight/ must be SCs. This indicates that /fine/ and /tight/
| could be analysed as OCs in the examples above.
|
(Lise-Lotte Hjulmand, Helge Schwarz, "A Contrastive Grammar of
English for Danish Students", Samfundslitteratur, 1998 (?), p.
167. - AdjP = Adjective Phrase; SC = Subject Complement; OC =
Object Complement.)

In "The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language" werden einige
Adjektive verzeichnet, die mit dem Partizip Perfekt gebildet sind
und die ein Adjektiv oder Adverb als ersten Bestandteil haben.
Leider sagt man aber nicht, welche Bestandteile man als Adjektive
und welche man als Adverbien ansieht:

| *Past participle as head*
|
| Based on passive use of past participle
|
| [...]
|
| ii /clean-shaven/ /French-based/ /high-set/ /new-born/
|
| [...] Those in [ii] have an adjective or adverb as the first
| element. For these there is generally no closely corresponding
| syntactic construction with adjective/adverb (?/shaven clean/,
| */based French/ - compare similarly /foreign-built/ but not
| */built foreign/). [p. 1659]

An einer anderen Stelle in diesem Buch geht's um /resultatives/.
("A resultative is a phrase that indicates the state of a noun
resulting from the completion of the verb." - Wikipedia. Ich kenne
den deutschen Ausdruck dafür nicht.). In solchen Sätzen wie /Mary
painted the house blue/ ist /blue/ ein Adjektiv, das sich auf
/house/ bezieht.

| *Class 5 verbs: complex-transitives with optional resultatives*
|
| [43] /We hammered it flat./ /Kim knocked him senseless./
| ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯¯
| /You should paint the house green./ /She rubbed herself dry./
| ¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯¯¯
| /He pushed the door open./ /I'll wipe it clean./
| ¯¯¯¯¯¯ ¯¯¯¯
| There are many verbs of this type, usually taking a small range
| of AdjPs (though again such NPs as /an unusual colour/ are
| possible instead of colour adjectives). A small sample, with
| typical adjectives, is given in [44]:
|
| [44] /boil/ (/hard/) /bore/ (/stiff/) /brush/ (/flat/)
|
| /drain/ (/dry/) /fill/ (/full of/ NP)
|
| /frighten/ (/silly/) /jerk/ (/open/) /plane/ (/smooth/)
|
| /shoot/ (/dead/) /wash/ (/clean/) [p. 266]
|
(Rodney D. Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, "The Cambridge Grammar
of the English Language", Cambridge University Press, 2002.)

Ähnliches steht in "A Student's Grammar of the English Language"
von Sidney Greenbaum und Randolph Quirk:

| *16.25* [...]
|
| Many verbs admit both adjective phrases and noun phrases as
| object complements. The most common verbs for this construction
| are listed below. Those used only with adjective phrases are
| followed by '[A]', and those used only with noun phrases are
| followed by '[N]':
|
| [...]
|
| NOTE [...] *[c]* The /SVOC/ [Subject Verb Object Complement]
| pattern includes a number of verb-adjective collocations; for
| example: /boil (an egg) hard/, buy [N] /cheap/, /freeze/ [N]
| /hard/, /paint/ [N] /red/blue/ ..., /knock/ (someone)
| /senseless/. The adjectives /open/, /loose/, /free/, and /clean/
| are particularly common: /push/ [N] /open/, /shake/ [N] /loose/,
| /set/ [N] /free/, /wipe/ [N] /clean/.
|
(Longman, 1990, p. 349-350.)

Für die Autoren des Grammatikbuchs "Longman Grammar of Spoken and
Written English" ist /clean/ in /clean-shaven/ ein Adjektiv.

| *Adjective + /ed/-participle:*
|
| /clean-shaven/, /ready-made/, /soft-textured/,
| /strait-laced/, /white-washed/
|
(Douglar Biber, Stig Johansson, Geoffrey Leech, Susan Conrad,
Edward Finegan, "Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English",
1999, p. 534.)

Vielleicht interessiert Dich dieser Artikel (PDF, 54 Seiten):
"Towards a history of English resultative constructions: the case
of adjectival resultative constructions".

<http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=1805400>

--
Steve

My e-mail address works as is.
.

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