Indexing & Retrieving Files on a MAC

Forgive my utter ignorance but I haven't used a Mac OS in
over 15 years. I am now in a position where I need to search
for files based upon their content and then retrieve them.

Is there an intrinsic Indexing capability within a contemporary
Windows operating system that will allow you to search in this
manner?

Also, assuming this capability exists, can you subsequently
'grab' a list of resulting searched files from where ever they may
exist throughout the hard drive and copy them to some other
location (USB or Firewire Drive)?

If such a feature does not exist, does anyone know of a good
3rd party software which will perform this type of task on a
contemporary Mac platform?

Thank you,

--Steve
.