Re: Pixantrone To Be Studied In Phase I/II Trial For Aggressive M...

On Mar 11, 9:37 am, "ironjust...@xxxxxxx" <ironjust...@xxxxxxx> wrote:
"mitoxantrone chelates iron" <<

Iron has now been found in those with Alzheimers' .. and since
marijuana is soooo .. efficacious in those with MS .. there may be
some association ..
-------------------------------
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4286435.stm

Marijuana may block Alzheimer's

The compound may protect the brain
The active ingredient in marijuana may stall decline from Alzheimer's
disease, research suggests.
Scientists showed a synthetic version of the compound may reduce
inflammation associated with Alzheimer's and thus help to prevent
mental decline.

They hope the cannabinoid may be used to developed new drug
therapies.

The research, by Madrid's Complutense University and the Cajal
Institute, is published in the Journal of Neuroscience.

We would warn the public against taking marijuana as a way of
preventing Alzheimer's

Dr Susanne Sorensen
The scientists first compared the brain tissue of patients who died
from Alzheimer's disease with that of healthy people who had died at a
similar age.

They looked closely at brain cell receptors to which cannabinoids
bind, allowing their effects to be felt.

They also studied structures called microglia, which activate the
brain's immune response.

Microglia collect near the plaque deposits associated with Alzheimer's
disease and, when active, cause inflammation.

The researchers found a dramatically reduced functioning of
cannabinoid receptors in diseased brain tissue.

This was an indication that patients had lost the capacity to
experience cannabinoids' protective effects.

The next step was to test the effect of cannabinoids on rats injected
with the amyloid protein that forms Alzheimer's plaques.

Those animals who were also given a dose of a cannabinoid performed
much better in tests of their mental functioning.

The researchers found that the presence of amyloid protein in the
rats' brains activated immune cells.

However, rats that also received the cannabinoid showed no sign of
microglia activation.

Using cell cultures, the researchers confirmed that cannabinoids
counteracted the activation of microglia and thus reduced
inflammation.

Drug target

Researcher Dr Maria de Ceballos said: "These findings that
cannabinoids work both to prevent inflammation and to protect the
brain may set the stage for their use as a therapeutic approach for
Alzheimer's disease."

Dr Susanne Sorensen, head of research at the Alzheimer's Society,
said: "This is important research because it provides another piece of
the jigsaw puzzle on the workings of the brain.

"There is no cure for Alzheimer's disease, so the identification of
another target for drug development is extremely welcome.

"The Alzheimer's Society looks forward to seeing further research
being carried out on cannabinoid receptors as drug targets for
Alzheimer's disease but would warn the public against taking marijuana
as a way of preventing Alzheimer's.

"It is now generally recognised that as well as providing a 'high',
long-term use of marijuana can also lead to depression in many
individuals."

Different receptors

Harriet Millward, of the Alzheimer's Research Trust, said there were
two main types of cannabinoid receptor, CR1 and CR2.

"It is CR1 that produces most of the effects of marijuana, including
the harmful ones.

"If it is possible to make drugs that act only on CR2, as suggested by
the authors of this study, they might mimic the positive effects of
cannabinoids without the damaging ones of marijuana.

"However, this is a fairly new field of research and producing such
selective drugs is not an easy task.

"There is also no evidence yet that cannabinoid-based drugs can slow
the decline in human Alzheimer's patients."


"Accumulation of redox-active iron may play a role in
neurodegenerative disease"

Increased Level Of Magnetic Iron Oxides Found In Alzheimer's Disease
Main Category: Alzheimer's / Dementia
Also Included In: Neurology / Neuroscience; Clinical Trials / Drug
Trials
Article Date: 10 Mar 2008 - 0:00 PDT


A team of scientists, led by Professor Jon Dobson, of Keele
University
in Staffordshire, UK, have found, for the first time, raised levels
of
magnetic iron oxides in the part of the brain affected by Alzheimer's
Disease (AD).


Their research has also shown that this association was particularly
strong in females compared to males. The group speculates that this
may be a result of gender differences in the way the body handles and
stores iron.


Though the results are based on a small number of samples, they give
an indication that iron accumulation associated with Alzheimer's
appears to involve the formation of strongly magnetic iron compounds.
As these compounds have a strong effect on MRI signal intensity, with
further study, it may be possible to use this as a biomarker for the
development of an MRI-based Alzheimer's diagnostic technique.


The research team also included Quentin Pankhurst, London Centre for
Nanotechnology and Department of Physics & Astronomy, University
College, London; Dimitri Hautot, Institute of Science and Technology
in Medicine, Keele University, and Nadeem Khan, Department of
Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London.


The study looked at brain tissue from 11 Alzheimer's Disease and 11
age-matched control subjects. It showed, for the first time, that the
total concentration of biogenic magnetite is generally higher in the
Alzheimer brain (in some cases as much as 15 times greater than
controls) and that there are gender-based differences, with
Alzheimer's Disease with female subjects having significantly higher
concentrations than all other groups.


Professor Dobson said: "Iron accumulation and dysregulation of iron
transport and storage has been found to be associated with many other
neurodegenerative conditions, such as Parkinson's disease,
Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral
Sclerosis. In recent years, a hereditary neurodegenerative disease,
neuroferritinopathy, has been linked to a mutation in the gene
encoding for the ferritn light polypeptide. This direct link between
neurodegeneration in the basal ganglia and ferritin, the body's
primary iron storage protein, results in the accumulation of iron in
the brain and symptoms similar to HD.


"There is still little known about the chemical form of iron
associated with these diseases, its role in neurodegeneration (if
any)
and its origin. Investigations of brain iron based on histochemical
staining techniques have generally ignored its chemical state."


This study shows a clear correlation in the concentration and the
size
of the biogenic magnetite in both the Alzheimer disease and control
groups. It is also notable that the largest magnetite concentrations
and smallest particles are all from Alzheimer disease subjects, and
that the data from the control subjects follow the same trend. This
implies that the genesis of the biogenic magnetite may be the same in
all cases, but that in Alzheimer Disease it may be more indicative of
an accelerated process.


Professor Dobson added: "We speculate that magnetite formation within
the ferritin core may occur generally in the brain, perhaps
associated
with aging, and that the process may become abnormal and uncontrolled
in the Alzheimer brain. At this stage, this should be considered a
working hypothesis and needs to be examined in larger studies. It
appears, however, that elevated levels of magnetic iron oxides, which
include reactive Fe2+, are present in AD tissue, a finding that lends
weight to the suggestion that redox-active iron may play a role in
neurodegenerative disease."


This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council and
National Institutes of Health.


A paper on the study, Increased Levels of Magnetic Compunds in
Alzheimer's Disease, is scheduled for publication in the Journal of
Alzheimer's Disease (Volume 13:1).


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk



On Mar 11, 8:51 am, "ironjust...@xxxxxxx" <ironjust...@xxxxxxx>
wrote:"Mitoxantrone is a shtty iron chelator" <<

"mitoxantrone chelates iron"

http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/260/19/10645.pdf

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk



On Mar 10, 8:22 pm, QQ...@xxxxxxxxx wrote: i don't think your able to
put
them in laymans terms. <<

"Mitoxantrone is a shtty iron chelator" IE:  "the drug may be acting
as a tridentate ligand."

How about that .. layman enough for ya .. ?

I'll assume you know what a tridentate ligand .. is ..

OTHER iron chelators such as aspirin and DL-alpha lipoic acid are able
to prevent this toxicity CAUSED by the drugs.

Anandakumar PP, Malarkodi SP, Sivaprasad TR, Saravanan GD
Antioxidant DL-alpha lipoic acid as an attenuator of adriamycin
induced hepatotoxicity in rat model. [Journal Article, Research
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't]
Indian J Exp Biol 2007 Dec; 45(12):1045-9.

Protective efficacy of DL-alpha lipoic acid on adriamycin induced
hepatotoxicity was evaluated in rats. Adriamycin toxicity, induced by
a single injection (ip; 15 mg/kg body wt), was expressed by an
elevation in alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin
levels in serum and alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase,
alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase activity in hepatic
tissue. Adriamycin produced significant increase in malondialdehyde
levels indicating tissue lipid peroxidation and potentially inhibiting
the activity of antioxidant, reduced glutathione and antioxidant
enzymes, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase,
glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase. The present results showed that pretreatment with
lipoic acid [75 mg/kg body wt/day (ip), 24 h prior to administration
of adriamycin] significantly restored various cellular activity
suggesting the antioxidant potential of lipoic acid in ameliorating
the hepatotoxicity induced by adriamycin.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------­­-----
More from this journal
Indian journal of experimental biology [Indian J Exp Biol]

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://jesuswasavegetarian.7h.com

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/a3cc3

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

tommy boy i just don't understand all them big words you use. i think
you just want to prove you can read and right. i'm bored or i wouldn't
of stopped by to read them there words... i don't think your able to put
them in laymans terms. but i dare you to try...

btw tommy boy your a bully which leaves you at a high suicide risk..
dory the bitch

......." There is so much good in the worst of us and so much bad in
the best of us that its rather hard to discern which of us ought to
reform the rest of us"...........
                      .........Alain Fournier..........- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -

.

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