Re: Low fat dariy beneficial for rediucing the risk of hypertension

Wed, 23 Nov 2005 22:10:22 +1300 in article
<mub8o1t8u62cpaf7s6b80fr8v7tbkjor70@xxxxxxx> Quentin Grady
<quentin@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
>What makes this research significant is that low fat dairy intakes
>reduced the risk of developing hypertension in Spain, a Mediterranean
>country.
>
>http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/517498?src=nldne
>
>Dairy products typically have higher levels of saturated fats than
>other animal products.
>
>What this experiment suggests is that there are benefits in following
>a simple strategy of lowering saturated fats by using low fat milk
>even when reconstructing a diet similar to those found in the
>Mediterranean.
>
Thanks Quentin,

In a Finnish health related newsgroup we recently had a discussion about
cardiovascular effects of probiotics. I that context I did some Medline
searches and found some interesting references, IMHO.

In a clinical study

Naruszewicz M, Johansson ML, Zapolska-Downar D, Bukowska H.
Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on cardiovascular disease risk
factors in smokers.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Dec;76(6):1249-55.
PMID: 12450890 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/76/6/1249>

with smokers Lactobacillus plantarum 299v reduced several CVD risk factors,
for example decreased systolic blood pressure. A citation from the abstract:

"Results: Significant decreases in systolic blood
pressure (P < 0.000), leptin (P < 0.000), and fibrinogen
(P < 0.001) were recorded in the experimental group. No
such changes were observed in the control group.
Decreases in F2-isoprostanes (37%) and interleukin 6
(42%) were also noted in the experimental group in
comparison with baseline. Monocytes isolated from
subjects treated with L. plantarum showed significantly
reduced adhesion (P < 0.001) to native and stimulated
human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Conclusion: L. plantarum administration leads to a
reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors and
could be useful as a protective agent in the primary
prevention of atherosclerosis in smokers."


In Finland we have functional milk product, which contains blood pressure
reducing peptides prepared with Lactobacillus helveticus. This product is
based on the line of research which began in Japan in early 90s. Below
selected references from this research:

Yamamoto N, Akino A, Takano T.
Purification and specificity of a cell-wall-associated proteinase from
Lactobacillus helveticus CP790.
J Biochem (Tokyo). 1993 Nov;114(5):740-5.
PMID: 8113230 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8113230>

Yamamoto N, Akino A, Takano T.
Antihypertensive effect of the peptides derived from casein by an
extracellular proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790.
J Dairy Sci. 1994 Apr;77(4):917-22.
PMID: 8201050 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8201050>
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/77/4/917>

Nakamura Y, Yamamoto N, Sakai K, Okubo A, Yamazaki S, Takano T.
Purification and characterization of angiotensin I-converting enzyme
inhibitors from sour milk.
J Dairy Sci. 1995 Apr;78(4):777-83.
PMID: 7790570 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/78/4/777>

Nakamura Y, Yamamoto N, Sakai K, Takano T.
Antihypertensive effect of sour milk and peptides isolated from it that are
inhibitors to angiotensin I-converting enzyme.
J Dairy Sci. 1995 Jun;78(6):1253-7.
PMID: 7673515 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/78/6/1253>

Maeno M, Yamamoto N, Takano T.
Identification of an antihypertensive peptide from casein hydrolysate
produced by a proteinase from Lactobacillus helveticus CP790.
J Dairy Sci. 1996 Aug;79(8):1316-21.
PMID: 8880454 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8880454>
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/79/8/1316>

Hata Y, Yamamoto M, Ohni M, Nakajima K, Nakamura Y, Takano T.
A placebo-controlled study of the effect of sour milk on blood pressure in
hypertensive subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1996 Nov;64(5):767-71.
PMID: 8901799 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8901799>
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/abstract/64/5/767>
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/reprint/64/5/767>

Yamamoto N.Antihypertensive peptides derived from food proteins.
Biopolymers. 1997;43(2):129-34. Review. Erratum in: Biopolymers
1997;43(5):401-2.
PMID: 9216248 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/40271/ABSTRACT>
<http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/40271/PDFSTART>

Yamamoto N, Maeno M, Takano T.
Purification and characterization of an antihypertensive peptide from a
yogurt-like product fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus CPN4.
J Dairy Sci. 1999 Jul;82(7):1388-93.
PMID: 10416158 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10416158>
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/82/7/1388>

Pihlanto-Leppala A, Koskinen P, Piilola K, Tupasela T, Korhonen H.
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory properties of whey protein
digests: concentration and characterization of active peptides.
J Dairy Res. 2000 Feb;67(1):53-64.
PMID: 10717843 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10717843>

Saito T, Nakamura T, Kitazawa H, Kawai Y, Itoh T.
Isolation and structural analysis of antihypertensive peptides that exist
naturally in Gouda cheese.
J Dairy Sci. 2000 Jul;83(7):1434-40.
PMID: 10908049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=10908049&dopt=Abstract>
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/reprint/83/7/1434>

Sipola M, Finckenberg P, Santisteban J, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H, Nurminen ML.
Long-term intake of milk peptides attenuates development of hypertension in
spontaneously hypertensive rats.
J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001 Dec;52(4 Pt 2):745-54.
PMID: 11785770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11785770>
<http://www.jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/1201/pdf/745_1201_article.pdf>

Sipola M, Finckenberg P, Korpela R, Vapaatalo H, Nurminen ML.
Effect of long-term intake of milk products on blood pressure in
hypertensive rats.
J Dairy Res. 2002 Feb;69(1):103-11.
PMID: 12047101 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12047101>

Seppo L, Kerojoki O, Suomalainen T, Korpela
R.
The effect of a Lactobacillus helveticus
LBK-16 H fermented milk on hypertension
? a pilot study on humans.
Milchwissenschaft 2002;57:124 ? 127.

Sipola M.
Effects of milk products and milk protein-derived peptides on blood pressure
and arterial funtion in rats
Academic Dissertation, March 2002.
University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine,
Pharmacology
(ISBN 952-10-0367-7) - 396 kB)
<http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/biola/vk/sipola/>
<http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/biola/vk/sipola/effectso.pdf>

Fuglsang A, Nilsson D, Nyborg NC.
Cardiovascular effects of fermented milk containing angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors evaluated in permanently catheterized, spontaneously
hypertensive rats.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Jul;68(7):3566-9.
PMID: 12089043 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://aem.asm.org/cgi/content/full/68/7/3566?view=long&pmid=12089043>
<http://www.pubmedcentral.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=12089043>

Takano T.
Anti-hypertensive activity of fermented dairy products containing biogenic
peptides.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2002 Aug;82(1-4):333-40. Review.
PMID: 12369200 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12369200>

Seppo L, Jauhiainen T, Poussa T, Korpela R.
A fermented milk high in bioactive peptides has a blood pressure-lowering
effect in hypertensive subjects.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):326-30.
PMID: 12540390 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/2/326>

Fuglsang A, Rattray FP, Nilsson D, Nyborg NC.
Lactic acid bacteria: inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme in vitro
and in vivo.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2003;83(1):27-34.
PMID: 12755477 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12755477>

Fuglsang A, Nilsson D, Nyborg NC
Characterization of new milk-derived inhibitors of angiotensin converting
enzyme in vitro and in vivo.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2003 Oct;18(5):407-12.
PMID: 14692507 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=14692507>

FitzGerald RJ, Murray BA, Walsh DJ.
Hypotensive peptides from milk proteins.
J Nutr. 2004 Apr;134(4):980S-8S. Review.
PMID: 15051858 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/134/4/980S>

Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Hyyrynen J, Korpela R, Karhunen ML, Mikkola L,
Jauhiainen T, Seppo L, Nissinen A.
Effect of ingesting sour milk fermented using Lactobacillus helveticus
bacteria producing tripeptides on blood pressure in subjects with mild
hypertension.
J Hum Hypertens. 2004 Nov;18(11):795-802.
PMID: 15175633 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=15175633>

Aihara K, Kajimoto O, Hirata H, Takahashi R, Nakamura Y.
Effect of powdered fermented milk with Lactobacillus helveticus on subjects
with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2005 Aug;24(4):257-65.
PMID: 16093403 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/abstract/24/4/257>


Some probiotics may also improve serum lipid profile. In the review article

Gill HS, Guarner F.
Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective.
Postgrad Med J. 2004 Sep;80(947):516-26. Review.
PMID: 15356352 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://pmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/80/947/516>

there is a brief summary about these effects, the direct links is

<http://pmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/80/947/516#SEC7>

According to this summary the redults have been conflicting with
Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, but perhaps somewhat
better with Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum 299v. Below
some references about cholesterol reducing effects of Lactobacillus
acidophilus L1, Enterococcus faecium M-74, and Bifidobacterium longum:

Anderson JW, Gilliland SE.
Effect of fermented milk (yogurt) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus L1 on
serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic humans.
J Am Coll Nutr. 1999 Feb;18(1):43-50.
PMID: 10067658 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/18/1/43>

Hlivak P, Odraska J, Ferencik M, Ebringer L, Jahnova E, Mikes Z.
One-year application of probiotic strain Enterococcus faecium M-74 decreases
serum cholesterol levels.
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2005;106(2):67-72.
PMID: 16026136 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16026136>

"CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the administration of E. faecium M-74
probiotic strain was associated with reduction of serum cholesterol
concentration by 12% after 56 weeks. The crescent amount of facts on
this issue gives a solid reason to assume that probiotics will find
their place as a therapeutic alternative in human medicine. (Tab. 4,
Fig. 4, Ref: 36.)"

Xiao JZ, Kondo S, Takahashi N, Miyaji K, Oshida K, Hiramatsu A, Iwatsuki K,
Kokubo S, Hosono A
Effects of milk products fermented by Bifidobacterium longum on blood lipids
in rats and healthy adult male volunteers.
J Dairy Sci. 2003 Jul;86(7):2452-61.
PMID: 12906063 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://jds.fass.org/cgi/content/full/86/7/2452>


Gill and Guarner also mention in their review article that L casei TMC 0409
and S thermophilus TMC 1543 and L acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum
913 combination can increase HDL. One reference about this:

Kiessling G, Schneider J, Jahreis G.
Long-term consumption of fermented dairy products over 6 months increases
HDL cholesterol.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Sep;56(9):843-9.
PMID: 12209372 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12209372>

"CONCLUSIONS: The long-term daily consumption of 300 g
yoghurt over a period of 21 weeks (control and synbiotic)
increased the serum concentration of HDL cholesterol and
lead to the desired improvement of the LDL/HDL
cholesterol ratio."


Finally, a couple of references about decreasing LDL oxidation with
probiotics:

Kullisaar T, Songisepp E, Mikelsaar M, Zilmer K, Vihalemm T, Zilmer M.
Antioxidative probiotic fermented goats' milk decreases oxidative
stress-mediated atherogenicity in human subjects.
Br J Nutr. 2003 Aug;90(2):449-56.
PMID: 12908907 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12908907>

"... Consumption of fermented goats' milk improved anti-
atherogenicity in healthy subjects: it prolonged
resistance of the lipoprotein fraction to oxidation,
lowered levels of peroxidized lipoproteins, oxidized LDL,
8-isoprostanes and glutathione redox ratio, and enhanced
total antioxidative activity. The consumption of
fermented goats' milk also altered both the prevalence
and proportion of lactic acid bacteria species in the gut
microflora of the subjects. We conclude that the goats'
milk fermented with our special antioxidative
lactobacilli strain Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 exhibits
anti-atherogenic effects."

Terahara M, Kurama S, Takemoto N.
Prevention by lactic acid bacteria of the oxidation of human LDL.
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2001 Aug;65(8):1864-8.
PMID: 11577730 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/65/8/65_1864/_article/-char/en>
<http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/65/8/1864/_pdf>
<http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/65/8/65_1864/_cit>

--
Matti Narkia
.

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