Nicotine Reduces Mortality

On Feb 18, 3:58 pm, Ken <flakey...@xxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:snip <<

Shteater ..


Don't post to my threads shteater ..


Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway reduces
ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice.
Mabley JG, Pacher P, Szabo C.
School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton,
Cockcroft Building, Lewes Road, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.


Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil
plant
seeds or intentionally through its use as a bioweapon, invariable
leads
to multiple organ damage and death, currently there is only a vaccine
in
advanced development to ricin but no antidote.
Ricin causes a systemic inflammation with increased pro-inflammatory
cytokine release and subsequent multiple organ failure particularly
kidney and liver dysfunction.
Activation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, specifically
through
the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, either indirectly
through
vagus
nerve stimulation or directly through nicotine treatment, has proved
effective
in a variety of inflammatory diseases by reducing pro-inflammatory
gene
expression and release of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment
protected
against ricin toxicity in mice.
Male Balb/c mice exposed to ricin had increased serum levels of the
inflammatory
cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and markers of both kidney (BUN,
Cre)
and liver (ALT) dysfunction, with a subsequent increase in mortality.
Nicotine administration, two hours after ricin injection,
significantly delayed
and reduced ricin-induced mortality, an effect coupled with reduced
serum levels
of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and markers of kidney and liver
dysfunction.
Both the kidney and liver had markedly increased cellular oxidative
stress
following ricin exposure, an effect attenuated by nicotine
administration.
In conclusion, these data demonstrate that activation of the
cholinergic
anti-inflammatory pathway may prove beneficial in cases of ricin
poisoning
reducing organ damage and delaying mortality allowing for a greater
chance
of survival.


PMID: 19209239
-----------------------


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Relevant Pages

  • Nicotine Reduces Mortality
    ... ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice. ... Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment ... with a subsequent increase in mortality. ...
    (alt.support.chronic-pain)
  • Nicotine Reduces Mortality
    ... ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice. ... Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment ... with a subsequent increase in mortality. ...
    (alt.support.chronic-pain)
  • Nicotine Reduces Mortality
    ... ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice. ... Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment ... with a subsequent increase in mortality. ...
    (alt.support.chronic-pain)
  • Nicotine Reduces Mortality
    ... ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice. ... Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment ... with a subsequent increase in mortality. ...
    (alt.support.chronic-pain)
  • Nicotine Reduces Mortality
    ... ricin- induced mortality and organ failure in mice. ... Exposure to ricin, either by accident through ingestion of castor oil ... The aim of this study was to investigate whether nicotine treatment ... with a subsequent increase in mortality. ...
    (alt.support.chronic-pain)