Atlantis, World's Only Spaceship (American, Of Course), Races After Hubble Telescope

http://www.newsmax.com/us/us_shuttle_hubble/2009/05/11/213233.html

Shuttle Atlantis Races After Hubble Telescope

Monday, May 11, 2009

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- Atlantis blasted off Monday for the Hubble
Space Telescope on the most delicate and dangerous repair job ever in
orbit _ a mission so risky that for the first time a second shuttle
stands ready to rescue the seven astronauts if something goes wrong.

It will be the last visit to the aging observatory, and the work will
include five spacewalks in an especially high orbit strewn with space
junk. The astronauts will try to fix equipment that was never designed
to be tinkered with in space, and they will not have the option of
using the international space station as a safe harbor in a crisis.

The improvements will extend the life of one of the space program's
proudest achievements _ a technological marvel that has yielded
breathtaking pictures of distant galaxies and some of the celestial
violence that shaped the universe.

"I have full confidence that they'll pull off a success and if they
do, we'll have a Hubble for at least five, six, eight years more,"
said Ed Weiler, NASA's science mission chief.

The crew will replace Hubble's batteries and gyroscopes, install two
cameras and take a crack at fixing two broken science instruments.

Mission Control wasted no time informing the astronauts that an early
look at the launch video had uncovered nothing of concern. Some debris
was spotted coming off the fuel tank, but nothing appeared to strike
Atlantis. The astronauts inspected the thermal shielding on their crew
cabin Monday evening; a full-scale survey of the shuttle was set for
Tuesday.

Hubble was passing almost directly overhead as Atlantis rocketed off
its launch pad for the 11-day flight. When the telescope broke down
last fall, NASA postponed the mission seven months to devise
additional repairs.

"At this point, all I've got left to say is, 'Let's launch Atlantis,'"
commander Scott Altman said just before liftoff.

"Enjoy the ride, pal," replied launch director Mike Leinbach.

Thirty-thousand people packed the launch site, eager to see NASA's
fifth and final send-off to the 19-year-old Hubble. Scientists had
mixed emotions as they watched Atlantis climb into the sky.

"We have 60 years of Hubble between us," said Weiler, his arm around
senior project scientist David Leckrone. "It's bittersweet ... I know
this one is the last one. On the other hand, I know that Hubble is
going to be better than ever once the astronauts do their thing."

Leckrone was also wistful: "It's the end of the era of Hubble
servicing."

Hubble is way overdue for a tuneup.

But the stakes, as well as the dangers, are higher since astronauts
last visited in 2002. Space has become more littered with junk at
Hubble's altitude because of satellite collisions and breakups, and
NASA now knows all too well how much damage can be done at liftoff by
a piece of fuel-tank foam. Columbia was brought down by such a blow.

Astronauts also will remove the science data-handling unit that failed
in September and had to be revived, and put in an old spare that was
hustled into operation. Fresh insulating covers will be added to the
outside of the telescope, and a new fine guidance sensor for pointing
will be hooked up.

The work is so tricky and intricate that two of the repairmen are
Hubble veterans, John Grunsfeld and Michael Massimino. Grunsfeld, the
chief repairman, is making a record-breaking third trip to the
telescope. Altman, the commander, also has flown to Hubble before.

All told, it's a $1 billion mission. The space telescope, over the
decades, represents a $10 billion investment. It was launched amid
considerable hoopla in 1990, but quickly found to be nearsighted,
producing blurred images, because of a flawed mirror.

Corrective lenses were installed in 1993 during what Weiler calls "the
miracle in space mission." The results were stunning and included the
acclaimed "pillars of creation" image of Eagle Nebula, a star-forming
region 6,500 light years away.

The new cameras should enable Hubble to peer even deeper into the
cosmos and collect an unprecedented amount of data.

NASA canceled the mission in 2004, a year after the Columbia tragedy,
saying it was too dangerous because Atlantis would not be able to get
to the space station, which is in another orbit.

The mission was reinstated two years later by the space agency's new
boss, but only after shuttle flights had resumed and repair techniques
had been developed. As an added precaution, another shuttle was
ordered to be on standby, in case Atlantis suffered irreparable
damage.

If an emergency arises, Endeavour is ready to lift off in as little as
three days to save the six men and one woman aboard Atlantis.
Endeavour will remain on standby until Atlantis heads back home May
22.

This is the last time a shuttle flies somewhere other than the space
station, and NASA does not expect to have shuttles on both pads again.

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